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Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2026 | Viewed by 1844

Editors


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Guest Editor
Alzheimer’s and Cognition Center, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome Research, Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; Down syndrome; apolipoprotein E; hiPSC models; cerebral organoids; high-throughput screening; neurodegeneration; microglia

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Guest Editor
Department of Biology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Interests: intrinsically disordered protein; oligomerization; aggregation; protein-protein interaction; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); high-throughput screening; neuroinflammation; neurodegeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the first drugs targeting the amyloid cascade become available clinically, it becomes ever clearer that just as Alzheimer’s disease does not follow a simple linear process, neither will its treatment. The heterogeneity of patient genetics and epigenetics indicates that monotherapy using monoclonal antibodies directed to the amyloid-β peptide will have variable efficacy and a wide range of potential adverse effects. While important first steps, the complexity of the disease and the variety of pathways involved indicate that a personalized medicine approach will almost certainly be necessary for comprehensive Alzheimer’s treatment. The first step towards developing each combinatorial therapy is a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved and their precise contributions to the disease progression. Pathways of high importance include, but are not limited to, tau oligomerization and aggregation, neuroinflammation and neuroimmune reactivity, autolysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolism and apolipoprotein E-driven processes, and endothelial and cerebrovascular injury. We invite primary research articles providing new molecular insight into these pathways and others related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia. We also invite translational studies developing new biochemical, cell, organoid, or rodent models incorporating multiple aspects of disease modeling or the testing of novel therapeutics. Together, this Special Issue seeks to highlight novel molecular targets and promising therapeutic strategies that might contribute to the development of drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia.

Dr. Noah R. Johnson
Dr. Chih Hung Lo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • intrinsically disordered proteins
  • apolipoproteins
  • neuroinflammation and neuroimmune
  • autolysosomal and mitochondrial functions
  • lipid metabolism
  • blood-brain barrier
  • biosensors
  • nanomedicine
  • high-throughput screening
  • therapeutic discovery

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 12751 KB  
Article
Integrated Transcriptomic and Spatial Analyses Associate M2-like Myeloid Signatures with Neuroimmune Remodeling in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Sz-Bo Wang, Kuan-Nien Chou and Yi-Lin Chiu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(10), 4430; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27104430 - 15 May 2026
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Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and prominent neuroimmune remodeling, but the contribution of macrophage and myeloid states across disease severity remains incompletely defined. We integrated bulk transcriptomic, single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomic datasets to characterize AD-associated myeloid immune [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and prominent neuroimmune remodeling, but the contribution of macrophage and myeloid states across disease severity remains incompletely defined. We integrated bulk transcriptomic, single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and spatial transcriptomic datasets to characterize AD-associated myeloid immune changes across Braak stage and disease status. Across datasets, M2-like macrophage and myeloid signatures showed progressive enrichment with increasing neuropathological severity and were accompanied by pathway changes related to macrophage proliferation, TGF-β signaling, and myeloid homeostasis. Immune-feature-based classifiers identified macrophage-related variables among the informative features distinguishing AD from controls. CellChat analyses further inferred that M2-like myeloid populations occupied communication-enriched positions in single-cell and spatial interaction networks, including apolipoprotein E (ApoE), CX3C chemokine signaling, and fibronectin 1 (FN1)-associated signaling contexts. Collectively, these findings indicate that M2-like myeloid programs are consistently associated with AD severity and neuroimmune network remodeling. Rather than establishing a causal disease driver, this study highlights M2-like myeloid signatures as candidate neuroimmune components that warrant experimental validation in human-relevant systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies)
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Review

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22 pages, 722 KB  
Review
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review of Non-Pharmacological Treatment Approaches
by Elisa Dognini, Alessia Cerino, Rosa Manenti, Maria Cotelli and Barbara Borroni
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(9), 4117; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27094117 - 4 May 2026
Viewed by 773
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder for which disease-modifying treatments are lacking. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to modulate dysfunctional neural networks and support residual plasticity. This systematic review aims to provide an updated overview of [...] Read more.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous disorder for which disease-modifying treatments are lacking. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to modulate dysfunctional neural networks and support residual plasticity. This systematic review aims to provide an updated overview of current NIBS applications across the main clinical syndromes associated with FTD, namely behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD), semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA), and nonfluent variant of PPA (nfvPPA). According to PRISMA guidelines, twenty-seven studies investigating NIBS interventions in major FTD phenotypes met the inclusion criteria, predominantly employing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). tDCS, particularly when combined with language therapy, consistently improved several language abilities in PPA, with some evidence of maintenance over time. Benefits were most consistently reported in nfvPPA, whereas effects in svPPA were more limited and domain-specific. rTMS studies showed short-term improvements in language and executive functions, especially following stimulation of left frontal regions. In bvFTD, findings were heterogeneous, with social–cognitive outcomes appearing more sensitive to stimulation, whereas global cognitive measures showed more variable effects. NIBS, particularly tDCS combined with behavioral interventions, shows symptomatic potential in selected FTD phenotypes, but methodological heterogeneity and small samples warrant larger, well-controlled trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alzheimer’s Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Therapies)
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