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Role of Immune Cells in Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 October 2025 | Viewed by 120

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Med III, Department for Hematopoetic Transplantations, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Marchioninistrße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
Interests: dendritic cells; leukemia derived DC; AML; immunotherapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted to announce a new Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ‘Role of Immune Cells in Cancers’.

Fighting tumor cells is a challenge for the immune system, as tumor cells employ various immune escape mechanisms to evade the immune system, which is crucial for their persistence and progression. The interplay between (up- or down-regulated) markers, cells, or soluble factors forms a complex immune microenvironment that hinders effective immune responses against tumor cells.

The immune response against cancer cells is orchestrated by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In a healthy organism, cells in the innate immune system act as the first line of defense; the adaptive immune system involves (tumor/infectious) antigen-specific B and T cell effector cell activation and specific long-term memory. The delicate balance between activation and regulation within the immune response by soluble or cellular components is crucial, as dysregulation can contribute to immune escape by tumor/infectious cells or autoimmune reactions.

Emerging treatments (e.g., cellular, antibody based, hypomethylating, apoptosis-inducing, or personalized mutation-targeting) strategies against cancer emphasize (personalized) approaches to improve patient outcomes. Immune monitoring (quantifying tumor or immune-cell-related functions) has become a crucial tool for guiding therapies, assessing immune response, detecting dysfunction, (potentially) predicting the quality of remissions or relapses, and contributing to prognosis.

The scope of this Special Issue includes research on human or animal hematopoietic or solid tumors and the role of soluble/released/nucleic acid related or cellular components of the immune system.

We are particularly interested in manuscripts that contribute to our understanding of tumor biology in detail and which deduce strategies to monitor the factors that contribute to improving therapy decisions and, as a consequence, patient prognosis.

Prof. Dr. Helga Maria Schmetzer
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • immune monitoring
  • immune escape
  • immune activation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

29 pages, 2577 KB  
Article
Monitoring of (Leukemia-Specific) Immune Cells in Stages, Treatment Groups and in the Course of Disease and Therapy Contributes to Qualify Antileukemic Potential and Survival in Patients with AML
by Julian Stein, Philipp Anand, Joudi Abdulmajid, Anne Hartz, Marianne Unterfrauner, Xiaojia Feng, Nicolas Schmieder, Linus Kruk, Peter Bojko, Joerg Schmohl, Christoph Schmid, Giuliano Filippini Velázquez and Helga M. Schmetzer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110336 (registering DOI) - 23 Oct 2025
Abstract
Various AML treatment regimens might trigger different immunological mechanisms against leukemic cells. The role of different immune cell subsets in the mediation of antileukemic processes is not clear. In this study, we longitudinally assessed (leukemia specific) immune subtype compositions in 17 AML patients [...] Read more.
Various AML treatment regimens might trigger different immunological mechanisms against leukemic cells. The role of different immune cell subsets in the mediation of antileukemic processes is not clear. In this study, we longitudinally assessed (leukemia specific) immune subtype compositions in 17 AML patients before stem cell transplantation (SCT) at different timepoints in the course and in different stages of the disease using flow cytometry. Further we correlated immune cell compositions with patients’ response to induction therapy and the median survival (3.8 months in our cohort) of the patients. Finally, we compared immune cell profiles from patients before and after SCT. (1) Patients in CR (compared to dgn and PD) were characterized by higher frequencies of leukemia-derived DC (DCleu), (leukemia-specific—IFNg or TNFα producing or CD107a degranulating) anti-tumor relevant T cells (Tgd, Tβ7), central/effector memory cells (Tcm, Tem), alongside with lower frequencies of (leukemia-specific) regulatory T cells. (2) Patients with higher frequencies of (leukemia-specific) antitumor relevant T cells, (leukemia-specific) memory T cells and NK cells demonstrated a prolonged median survival time and/or responded better to induction (RTI) treatment (3) Comparing patients before and after SCT, only minimal differences were observed. However, patients in CRpreSCT exhibited higher frequencies of DC, Tcm, Tβ7 and leukemia-specific iNKT cells compared to patients in CRpostSCT. (1) Immune monitoring qualifies to quantify (leukemia-specific) immune cells in different stages and under different treatment strategies in the course of AML. (2) Higher frequencies of activating and antitumor relevant leukemia-specific immune cell subtypes found after ‘costimulatory’ (especially KitM induced) treatment’ and in CR. (3) In particular, DC/DCleu, (leukemia-specific) antitumor-relevant T (memory) and NK cells seem to dominate in CR and positively influence RTI and survival. (4) Monitoring of (leukemia-specific) immune cell subtypes contribute to quantify individual AML patients’ antileukemic potential in different stages and treatment groups and also could be used to predict patients’ survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Immune Cells in Cancers)
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