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Oxidative Stress Responses in Cardiovascular Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2026 | Viewed by 6957

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
Interests: oxidative stress; cardiology; pharmacology; diabetes; apoptosis; internal medicine; hypertension; antioxidants; reactive oxygen species

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is my pleasure to present this Special Issue to you, which aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research achievements, challenges, and recommendations concerning the unsurpassed and ever-present role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. As you all know, under physiological conditions, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are equivalent to their detoxification, being a major player in cellular signaling and function. In pathological situations, particularly atherosclerosis or hypertension, the release of ROS exceeds endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading to cell death. In the cardiovascular system, oxidative stress is highly implicated in myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, heart failure, and arrhythmias. However, there are still many discordant findings and questions that impose the need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and factors that influence the association between oxidative stress and a wide range of cardiovascular disorders, from the cellular level to clinical outcome. The papers in this Special Issue will therefore make an important contribution to the understanding of this item, whose usefulness in a practical work seems justified. Therefore, original articles based on animal and human investigations, as well as systematic reviews, are more than welcome.

We look forward to your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Vladimir Jakovljevic
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antioxidant capacity
  • cardiovascular disease
  • cell death
  • endothelial dysfunction
  • ischemia/reperfusion injury
  • oxidative stress

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 1937 KB  
Article
Translocator Protein Modulation by PK11195 and NO Synthase Inhibition Affect Cardiac Oxidative Stress and Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Markers in Isoprenaline-Induced Rat Myocardial Injury
by Ana Ilic, Nina Radisavljevic, Slavica Mutavdzin Krneta, Dusan Todorovic, Novica Boricic, Sanja Stankovic, Biljana Bozic Nedeljkovic, Marija Matić, Marija Stojanovic, Ranko Skrbic and Dragan Djuric
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1786; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041786 - 13 Feb 2026
Viewed by 286
Abstract
Translocator protein (TSPO) regulates mitochondrial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress; however, its role in acute myocardial injury (MI) remains incompletely understood. While previous studies have examined TSPO ligands in cardiac injury, the interplay between TSPO modulation and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in AMI [...] Read more.
Translocator protein (TSPO) regulates mitochondrial function, inflammation, and oxidative stress; however, its role in acute myocardial injury (MI) remains incompletely understood. While previous studies have examined TSPO ligands in cardiac injury, the interplay between TSPO modulation and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in AMI has not been systematically investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TSPO modulation by PK11195, alone or in combination with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), on cardiometabolic, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathological parameters in an experimental model of isoprenaline-induced MI in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control (C); isoprenaline + saline-treated (ISO); isoprenaline + PK11195-treated (IP); and isoprenaline + PK11195 + L-NAME-treated (IPLN) groups. Isoprenaline administration induced MI, evidenced by elevated cardiac biomarkers, electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations, and histopathological damage. PK11195 treatment significantly attenuated MI and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, indicating protective effects. Nevertheless, TSPO modulation was associated with adverse metabolic effects, notably elevated fibrinogen and plasma homocysteine levels. Co-administration of L-NAME mechanistically demonstrated that NO availability is essential for PK11195 cardioprotective effects, as NOS inhibition partially abolished cardioprotection and modified oxidative stress parameters. Overall, TSPO modulation exerts complex actions in acute MI through regulating mitochondrial function, inflammatory signaling, and NO pathways, suggesting that TSPO is a potential, multifaceted therapeutic target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress Responses in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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Review

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51 pages, 768 KB  
Review
Cardioprotective Role of Captopril: From Basic to Applied Investigations
by Marko Stoiljkovic, Vladimir Jakovljevic, Jovan Milosavljevic, Sergey Bolevich, Nevena Jeremic, Petar Canovic, Vladimir Petrovich Fisenko, Dmitriy Alexandrovich Tikhonov, Irina Nikolaevna Krylova, Stefani Bolevich, Natalia Vasilievna Chichkova and Vladimir Zivkovic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7215; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157215 - 25 Jul 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6223
Abstract
Captopril, a well-established angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has garnered attention for its cardioprotective effects in preventing heart remodeling and maintaining cardiac function, significantly improving life quality. However, recent studies have revealed that in addition to known hemodynamic alterations, captopril exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, [...] Read more.
Captopril, a well-established angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, has garnered attention for its cardioprotective effects in preventing heart remodeling and maintaining cardiac function, significantly improving life quality. However, recent studies have revealed that in addition to known hemodynamic alterations, captopril exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects that may underlie its protective mechanisms. Although it appeared to be overlooked in clinical practice, in recent years, additional efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms of all drug effects, as recent research studies predict a wide spectrum of diseases beyond the recommended indications. This review thoroughly examines the mechanisms by which captopril mediates its protective effects, bridging basic biochemical observations with applied clinical investigation, especially during ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, and heart failure (HF). Evidence points to captopril as a promising agent for modulating oxidative and inflammatory pathways that are crucial for cardiovascular medicine. Directions for future research are defined to determine the molecular targets of captopril further and to optimize its clinical utility in the management of cardiovascular and possibly other diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress Responses in Cardiovascular Diseases)
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