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New Insights into Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy and Neuroimmunological Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 890

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube 755-8505, Japan
Interests: neuroimmune disease; blood-brain barrier; blood-nerve barrier
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on neuroimmunological diseases based on molecular biological studies and experimental models is providing new insights into disease mechanisms and contributing to the development of novel therapeutic drugs and biologics for these diseases. This Special Issue seeks to focus on both basic molecular science and translational research on neuroimmunological diseases in order to overcome these intractable neurological diseases. This Special Issue is focused on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and also addresses some neuroimmunological diseases.  Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM), autoimmune encephalitis, paraneoplastic neurological syndrome, Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS), and other immune-mediated diseases related to neuropathy and myositis.  Research related to in vitro/in vivo models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), the blood–brain barrier, the blood–nerve barrier, astrocytes, microglia, neurons and muscle, and pathological observations or new diagnostic biomarkers for these diseases is also welcome. Since IJMS is a journal about molecular science, pure clinical or model studies will unfortunately not be suitable for this journal.

Dr. Fumitaka Shimizu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
  • multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD)
  • myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
  • autoimmune encephalitis
  • paraneoplastic neurological syndrome
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
  • myositis
  • blood-brain barrier
  • blood-nerve barrier

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 2415 KB  
Article
5-Aminolevulinic Acid Ameliorates Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis Through a Dual Mechanism of Mitochondrial Protection and Immunomodulation
by Shingo Konno, Takafumi Uchi, Hideo Kihara and Toshiki Fujioka
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8512; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178512 - 2 Sep 2025
Viewed by 514
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration, yet current therapies lack direct neuroprotective effects. We investigated the therapeutic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a key precursor for mitochondrial heme synthesis, in a chronic experimental autoimmune neuritis [...] Read more.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration, yet current therapies lack direct neuroprotective effects. We investigated the therapeutic potential of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), a key precursor for mitochondrial heme synthesis, in a chronic experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) rat model of CIDP. Rats with established EAN received daily oral 5-ALA (100 mg/kg) or vehicle. Treatment efficacy was assessed by clinical scoring, nerve histopathology, and biochemical analyses of sciatic nerves. 5-ALA administration significantly ameliorated clinical disease severity. This was associated with local immunomodulation in the sciatic nerve, marked by reduced pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels. Concurrently, 5-ALA exerted direct neuroprotective effects, evidenced by restored mitochondrial ATP production, decreased oxidative DNA damage, upregulated antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and improved myelin sheath integrity. These findings suggest that 5-ALA may offer a dual therapeutic benefit by targeting both local inflammation and mitochondrial-mediated neuroprotection. By addressing key pathological mechanisms currently unmet by standard therapies, 5-ALA emerges as a promising disease-modifying candidate for CIDP. Full article
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