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Roles of Mast Cells in Immune-Induced Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2025) | Viewed by 16587

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Internal Medicine, Allergology & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: mast cells; mastocytosis; autoinflammatory disorders; systemic autoimmune disease; allergy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: mast cells; mastocytosis; autoinflammatory disorders; systemic autoimmune disease; allergy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mast cells are innate-type leukocytes that reside at barrier surfaces of the body, mainly the skin and mucosa, where they contribute to the local immune responses induced by exogenous or physical triggers that disturb local tissue homeostasis. Mast cells are known to expand upon helminth infection. Yet, mast cells can also be found in the organs and tissue of our circulatory and nervous systems.

Different types of activation can be induced. These typically result, in degranulation whereby different kinds of preformed mediators can be rapidly expelled. 

Next to the rapid degranulation of preformed molecules, mast cells can initiate a slower pro-inflammatory response. This involves the synthesis and secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These subsequently activate neighbouring cells and recruit and activate infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, mast cells strongly interact with fibroblasts in wound-healing responses, and mast cell-derived proteases are important in eradicating toxic venoms. All the functional characteristics above illustrate the importance of mast cells in the control of variety of physiological and pathophysiological effects. Mast cells have, for instance, been implicated as playing a role in interstitial lung disease, gastrointestinal disorders and transplant rejection.

In this current Issue of the journal, we aim to illustrate the role of mast cells in various immune-mediated disorders.

Prof. Dr. Paul L.A. Van Daele
Dr. Willem A. Dik
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mast cell
  • fibrosis
  • inflammation
  • autoinflammation
  • autoimmunity
  • transplantation
  • gastrointestinal
  • pulmonary
  • cytokines
  • MRGPRX2
  • rejection

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 2126 KB  
Article
Generation of Functionally Competent Human Mast Cells from Limited Blood Volumes
by Sanne J. van de Meerendonk, Michelle du Toit, Vincent H. J. van der Velden, P. Martin van Hagen, Paul L. A. van Daele, Astrid G. S. van Halteren and Willem A. Dik
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041793 - 13 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that are derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mature in peripheral tissues such as skin and mucosa. Mature human MCs can be generated from peripheral blood, but this process requires substantial blood volumes [...] Read more.
Mast cells (MCs) are innate immune cells that are derived from CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and mature in peripheral tissues such as skin and mucosa. Mature human MCs can be generated from peripheral blood, but this process requires substantial blood volumes as HSPC frequencies are typically very low. The aim of this study was to validate a new in-house-developed protocol for the generation of MCs from less than 20 mL of peripheral blood. To this end, we used a magnetic bead-based procedure to isolate ‘untouched’ HSPCs from 14 to 16 mL peripheral blood (PB). In total, 12 cultures were set up with blood from seven healthy donors, wherein HSPCs were first expanded for 4 weeks, followed by another 8 weeks of culture in MC maturation-inducing medium. Flowcytometric analysis, histochemical staining, and degranulation assays were used to assess their phenotypic and functional features. Our data show comparable expression of cytoplasmic granules and cell-surface expression of MRGPRX2, FcεR1α, and CD117 in 8/12 blood-derived MCs (PB-MCs) and buffy coat-derived HSPCs (BC-MCs). PB-MCs responded to classic stimulating agents like IgE/anti-IgE and C48/80. Hence, our novel MC generation protocol yields functionally competent MCs with no compromise in their maturation or activation potential despite 12 weeks of in vitro culture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Mast Cells in Immune-Induced Diseases)
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16 pages, 15008 KB  
Article
Mast Cells, Pancreatic Stellate Cells, and Telocytes in Chronic Pancreatitis: Ultrastructural Study
by Irina Chekmareva, Andrey Kostin, Oksana Paklina, Dmitry Kalinin, Dmitry Suraev, Nikolay Karnaukhov, Alexander Alekhnovich, Atim Emaimo John, Viktoria Shishkina, Igor Buchwalow, Markus Tiemann and Dmitrii Atiakshin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(20), 10169; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262010169 - 19 Oct 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
Pancreatic inflammation and subsequent fibrosis drive serious disease complications. However, the pathogenesis of this process and the mechanisms underlying excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition remain poorly understood. Our aim was to study intercellular interactions and ultrastructural changes in mast cells, pancreatic stellate cells, [...] Read more.
Pancreatic inflammation and subsequent fibrosis drive serious disease complications. However, the pathogenesis of this process and the mechanisms underlying excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition remain poorly understood. Our aim was to study intercellular interactions and ultrastructural changes in mast cells, pancreatic stellate cells, and telocytes, as well as in the extracellular matrix in various degrees of pancreatic fibrosis. Histological, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic (EM) studies were performed on surgical materials from 17 patients. Mapping of fibrosis fields was performed on scanned images using the QuPath software v0.6.0. The IHC study was performed using a panel of antibodies: CD34, CD117, and SMA. Fluorescent IHC was performed using a panel of antibodies: CD34 and CD117. The EM study was performed on ultrathin sections with a thickness of 100–120 nm. The functional activity of mast cells (MCs) increased in pancreatic fibrosis. Most of the MCs were in a degranulation state, with the formation of intercellular contacts. The activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs), which underwent ultrastructural and functional changes in pancreatic fibrosis that developed as a result of chronic pancreatitis (CP), was noted. Multiple plasmolemma discontinuities, telopode shortenings, and nuclear fragmentations were observed among telocytes (TCs). The presence of MCs in the inflammatory infiltrate, as well as the destruction of TCs with the activation of exosomal transport, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in CP and provides a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of this pathology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Mast Cells in Immune-Induced Diseases)
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Review

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19 pages, 2116 KB  
Review
Mast Cells at the Crossroads of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Neurogenic Inflammation
by Ernesto Aitella, Ciro Romano, Lia Ginaldi and Domenico Cozzolino
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 927; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030927 - 23 Jan 2025
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 14114
Abstract
Although mast cells have long been known, they are not yet fully understood. They are traditionally recognized for their role in allergic reactions through the IgE/FcεRI axis, but different groups of surface receptors have since been characterized, which appear to be involved in [...] Read more.
Although mast cells have long been known, they are not yet fully understood. They are traditionally recognized for their role in allergic reactions through the IgE/FcεRI axis, but different groups of surface receptors have since been characterized, which appear to be involved in the manifestation of peculiar clinical features. In particular, MRGPRX2 has emerged as a crucial receptor involved in degranulating human skin mast cells. Because of mast cells’ close proximity to peripheral nerve endings, it may play a key role in neuroimmune interactions. This paper provides an overview of mast cell contributions to hypersensitivity and so-called “pseudoallergic” reactions, as well as an update on neuroinflammatory implications in the main models of airway and skin allergic diseases. In particular, the main cellular characteristics and the most relevant surface receptors involved in MC pathophysiology have been reappraised in light of recent advancements in MC research. Molecular and clinical aspects related to MC degranulation induced by IgE or MRGPRX2 have been analyzed and compared, along with their possible repercussions and limitations on future therapeutic perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Roles of Mast Cells in Immune-Induced Diseases)
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