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Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance: Molecular and Biochemical Perspectives

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 545

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Odontoiatria “Scuola Medica Salernitana", Baronissi, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance (AMR); molecular mechanisms of resistance; biofilm; molecular epidemiology of AMR; resistance surveillance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most urgent threats to global public health. Unfortunately, existing treatment strategies are becoming increasingly less effective, and we are constantly witnessing the difficulty of finding new antimicrobial options. The emergence and spread of resistant microorganisms are determined by multiple factors, including the selective pressure of antimicrobial use, microbial adaptability, and complex host–pathogen interactions. To address this crisis, it is necessary to invest more in understanding the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying resistance. Deciphering processes such as metabolic reprogramming or biofilm production could open up new avenues for diagnostics, surveillance, and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research papers and review articles that provide insights into the molecular basis of AMR, the biochemical pathways involved, and the identification of new targets to overcome resistance. Contributions dealing with new antimicrobial agents, methods for detecting resistance, and molecular epidemiology are particularly welcome.

Dr. Emanuela Santoro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance mechanisms
  • molecular basis of resistance
  • metabolic reprogramming in bacteria
  • biofilm formation and regulation
  • resistance gene expression and regulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 420 KB  
Review
From Polyphenols to β-Lactamases: Multitarget Strategies to Defeat Severe Resistance
by Michele Nappa, Emanuela Santoro, Roberta Manente, Angelo Cianciulli, Giuseppina Moccia, Francesco De Caro, Mario Capunzo and Giovanni Boccia
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062702 - 16 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health challenges, compromising the effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapies and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The scarcity of new antibiotics has driven research into alternative strategies to restore or enhance the [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing global public health challenges, compromising the effectiveness of standard antibiotic therapies and increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The scarcity of new antibiotics has driven research into alternative strategies to restore or enhance the effectiveness of existing drugs. Natural compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, antimicrobial peptides, and microbial secondary metabolites, exhibit multitarget activities such as membrane disruption, efflux pump inhibition, biofilm suppression, and quorum sensing interference. In parallel, synthetic and semi-synthetic small-molecule inhibitors have been rationally designed to target specific resistance determinants, including β-lactamases, efflux systems, quorum sensing pathways, and stress-induced mutagenesis mechanisms such as the SOS response and DNA repair processes. These agents act as adjuvants, restoring susceptibility or reducing bacterial virulence without exerting strong selective pressure. The integration of natural bioactive compounds and targeted small-molecule inhibitors represents a promising complementary strategy for conventional antibiotics. Further pharmacological and clinical investigations are required to translate these approaches into effective tools within antimicrobial stewardship programs and broader public health strategies aimed at mitigating the global burden of AMR. This narrative review analyses the recent literature on natural compounds and synthetic or semi-synthetic small-molecule inhibitors with documented activity against antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Full article
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