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High Fat Diet Metabolism and Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 1314

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Histology and Embriology from Mendoza—IHEM, CONICET Mendoza, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
Interests: high-fat diet; metabolism; cholesterol

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Guest Editor
Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biosciences Institute, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil
Interests: colon carcinogenesis; DNA damage; oxidative stress; antioxidant response; chemoprevention; functional foods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The term “diet” traces its roots to the Latin “diaeta” and the Greek “δίαιτα”, inherently conveying the broader notion of “lifestyle”, a comprehensive concept extending far beyond food intake. It encapsulates various facets of one's existence, including work routines, physical activity, age, and gender, all shaping an individual's health.

Fat diet refers surreptitiously to the typical intake of Western countries. However, in modern usage, the term has become closely linked to food consumption, particularly the increase in fats in diets across Western countries, a trend now spreading worldwide.

For these simple reasons, among many others, research with “high-fat diets” or other diets must include the specific daily consumption of the compounds present in the foods used, as well as ages, sex, and other variables that affect metabolism and generate related pathologies. These variables often have profound implications on cellular and molecular biology, underpinning the intricate interplay between diets and health. Interestingly, all organs and systems respond by adapting to the internal conditions that generate these diets, forming the basis of known pathologies.

This Special Issue will explore the intricate relationship between high-fat diets and health. We invite researchers to submit their work examining how these diets affect metabolism, from cell to molecular biology, lead to diverse pathologies, and impact various organs and systems—from the reproductive to the lungs. We are only beginning to unravel the far-reaching effects of high-fat diets, and your contributions can help deepen our understanding of this global health challenge.

Dr. Miguel Walter Fornés
Prof. Dr. Luís Fernando Barbisan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • diet
  • fat
  • high-fat diets
  • obesity
  • NAFLD
  • metabolism
  • reproductive system
  • lungs
  • pathology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 7482 KiB  
Article
Cholesterol and SREBP2 Dynamics During Spermatogenesis Stages in Rabbits: Effects of High-Fat Diet and Protective Role of Extra Virgin Olive Oil
by María Virginia Avena, Abi Karenina Funes, María Ángeles Monclus, Paola Vanina Boarelli, Luis Fernando Barbisan, M. Rosa Bernal-López, Ricardo Gómez-Huelgas, Tania Estefania Saez Lancellotti and Miguel Walter Fornés
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094062 - 25 Apr 2025
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Abstract
High-fat diets (HFDs) have been found to compromise male fertility, with cholesterol dysregulation being a key factor. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, playing an essential role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in [...] Read more.
High-fat diets (HFDs) have been found to compromise male fertility, with cholesterol dysregulation being a key factor. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is a crucial transcription factor that regulates cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, playing an essential role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis in the testes. This study investigated the dynamics of SREBP2 and cholesterol levels during rabbit spermatogenesis under HFD conditions. Our findings reveal that SREBP2 expression fluctuates throughout the seminiferous epithelium cycle. However, HFDs induce stage-specific disruptions in cholesterol balance, leading to sperm with increased membrane cholesterol, a reduced sperm count in semen analysis, impaired motility, abnormal morphology, and decreased functionality. In the control group, SREBP2 expression patterns underscored its critical role in normal spermatogenesis. Interestingly, supplementation with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) reversed the negative effects of HFD, normalizing SREBP2 expression and cholesterol content, which improved sperm quality. These findings emphasize the importance of stage-specific analysis in understanding how dietary fat impacts male fertility and suggest that EVOO may serve as a potential nutritional intervention to protect reproductive health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Fat Diet Metabolism and Diseases)
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13 pages, 8103 KiB  
Article
High-Fat Diets Disturb Rat Epididymal Sperm Maturation
by Lorena Ruiz-Valderrama, José Edwin Mendoza-Sánchez, Ernesto Rodríguez-Tobón, Isabel Arrieta-Cruz, Humberto González-Márquez, Pablo Arturo Salame-Méndez, Rosario Tarragó-Castellanos, Edith Cortés-Barberena, Ahiezer Rodríguez-Tobón and Edith Arenas-Ríos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1850; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051850 - 21 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 475
Abstract
Infertility is increasingly recognized as being closely linked to obesity in humans. The successful production of fertile spermatozoa requires adequate spermatogenesis within the testis and proper spermatozoa maturation through the epididymis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of body adiposity on male [...] Read more.
Infertility is increasingly recognized as being closely linked to obesity in humans. The successful production of fertile spermatozoa requires adequate spermatogenesis within the testis and proper spermatozoa maturation through the epididymis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of body adiposity on male fertility, focusing on sperm parameters, epididymal sperm maturation, and sperm capacitation in Wistar rats. Male rats were randomized into three dietary groups over four weeks: a control group receiving less than 4% lard, regular chow, a 10% lard group, and a 60% lard group. Following dietary interventions, fertility tests were conducted across the groups. The epididymis was dissected into caput, corpus, and cauda regions to assess sperm concentration, vitality capacitation, carbohydrate distribution, tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphatidylserine levels. Additionally, serum testosterone levels were measured to evaluate hormonal influences on fertility. The rats subjected to high-fat diets leading to overweight and obesity exhibited significant alterations in fertility. These changes were characterized by impaired epididymal sperm maturation, as evidenced by lower testosterone levels, decreased sperm viability, and capacitation. Furthermore, increased adiposity was associated with a lack of asymmetry in the plasma membrane, alteration in carbohydrate distribution, and changes in tyrosine phosphorylation. This study underscores the adverse effects of high-fat diets on male fertility, particularly through mechanisms affecting sperm maturation in the epididymis. The evidence suggests that obesity-induced alterations in sperm parameters and hormonal profiles may contribute to reduced fertility in male rats, which could have implications for understanding similar human processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High Fat Diet Metabolism and Diseases)
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