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The Role of Amyloid in Neurological Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2025 | Viewed by 200

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, University College London, London, UK
Interests: Alzheimer’s disease; taoupathies; synapse loss; celllular prion protein; neurodegeneration; mouse models; prion-like proteins; protein aggregates

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Amyloids are key pathological hallmarks in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This Special Issue focuses on understanding the early stages of amyloid formation, leveraging cryo-EM structures to unravel the complex mechanisms behind their nucleation and polymerization. Additionally, we will explore genetic factors and mutations that influence amyloid formation and toxicity, alongside the mechanisms driving pathogenesis in the CNS. Understanding these processes is essential not only for uncovering the fundamental biological mechanisms of amyloid aggregation but also for developing therapeutics based on these mechanisms and structures to combat amyloid-related diseases.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original research manuscripts or review manuscripts focusing on the following areas of amyloid biochemistry in neurodegenerative diseases, including, but not limited to, the following:

  • APP processing and Aβ formation—biomarkers, mutations, and chaperons;
  • Tau protein and aggregation to neurofibrillary tangles—mutations and post-translational modifications;
  • Interactions of Aβ and Tau with proteins, organelles, synapses, and cell membranes;
  • Methods for studying amyloid structures and aggregation;
  • Nucleated polymerization of monomers to oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils;
  • Proteostasis pathways—amyloid degradation and clearance;
  • Development and comparison of amyloidosis animal models;
  • Prion-like templating and propagation of proteins;
  • Role of non-neuronal cells in amyloid production and clearance;
  • Structural studies of amyloid assemblies and protein self-assembly complexes;
  • Studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis.

Dr. Silvia Purro
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • amyloid-beta (Aβ)
  • tau protein
  • TDP43
  • synuclein
  • huntingtin
  • prion-like mechanisms
  • amyloid structures
  • genetic factors
  • cell-to-cell transmission
  • pathogenesis mechanisms
  • protein aggregation
  • Biomarkers
  • CNS amyloid clearance and degradation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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18 pages, 660 KiB  
Review
Understanding the Insulin-Degrading Enzyme: A New Look at Alzheimer’s Disease and Aβ Plaque Management
by Michele Cerasuolo, Maria Chiara Auriemma, Irene Di Meo, Carmen Lenti, Michele Papa, Giuseppe Paolisso and Maria Rosaria Rizzo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146693 (registering DOI) - 12 Jul 2025
Abstract
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) plays a critical role in regulating insulin levels in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and kidneys. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), key features include insulin resistance, elevated insulin levels in the blood, and hyperglycemia. In this context, the [...] Read more.
Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) plays a critical role in regulating insulin levels in various tissues, including the brain, liver, and kidneys. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), key features include insulin resistance, elevated insulin levels in the blood, and hyperglycemia. In this context, the function of IDE becomes particularly important; however, in T2DM, IDE’s function can be impaired. Notably, individuals with T2DM have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that impaired IDE function may contribute to both diabetes and neurodegeneration. IDE has been studied for its ability to degrade Amyloid-β peptides, the primary constituents of amyloid plaques in AD. However, its role in Aβ clearance in vivo remains debated due to limited enzymatic efficacy under physiological conditions and differences in subcellular localization between IDE and its putative substrate. Other proteases, such as neprilysin, appear to play a more prominent role in preventing plaque formation. Additionally, the long-standing hypothesis that insulin competes with Aβ for IDE activity has been questioned, as brain insulin levels are too low to inhibit Aβ degradation significantly. Genetic variants in the IDE gene have been associated with increased AD risk, although the mechanisms by which they alter enzyme function are not yet fully understood. A deeper understanding of IDE’s role in the context of both metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases may provide valuable insights for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Amyloid in Neurological Diseases)
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