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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Therapy vs. EV Therapy
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Therapy vs. EV Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 992

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Masahito Nakazaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
Interests: mesenchymal stromal; stem cells; extracellular vesicles; spinal cord injury; cerebrovascular disease; dementia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential therapies for clinical use, including spinal cord injury (SCI) and cerebrovascular disease. MSC-based therapies have shown significant potential by promoting tissue regeneration, modulating immune responses, and enhancing neuroprotection. In addition to cell-based therapies, extracellular vesicles, including both small and large EVs, are gaining attention for their ability to deliver bioactive molecules—such as proteins, RNAs, and lipids—to damaged tissues. These EVs offer unique advantages, including a lower immunogenicity and enhanced tissue targeting, providing a novel, safer, and more precise therapeutic approach.

This Special Issue invites contributions that explore the comparative efficacy of MSC-based cell therapies and EV-based therapies. Submissions should focus on their molecular mechanisms, therapeutic outcomes, and translational potential in neuroprotection, microvascular stabilization, immune modulation, and functional recovery. Studies on cerebrovascular disease and SCI, including clinical trials and preclinical studies investigating efficacy, safety, and novel delivery methods, are highly encouraged.

Dr. Masahito Nakazaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mesenchymal stromal/stem cells
  • small extracellular vesicles
  • large extracellular vesicles
  • clinical trials
  • spinal cord injury
  • cerebrovascular disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 1189 KiB  
Review
Rewiring the Spine—Cutting-Edge Stem Cell Therapies for Spinal Cord Repair
by Yasir Mohamed Riza and Faisal A. Alzahrani
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5048; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115048 - 23 May 2025
Viewed by 577
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition that leads to severe disabilities, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life and imposing substantial societal and economic burdens. SCI involves a complex pathogenesis, including primary irreversible damage and secondary injury driven by neuroinflammation, apoptosis, [...] Read more.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition that leads to severe disabilities, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life and imposing substantial societal and economic burdens. SCI involves a complex pathogenesis, including primary irreversible damage and secondary injury driven by neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and ischemia. Current treatments often provide limited efficacy, underscoring the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies. This paper aims to explore the potential use of stem cell (SC) therapy and exosome-based treatments as transformative approaches for managing SCI and mitigating associated disabilities. SCs, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), demonstrate regenerative capabilities, including self-renewal, differentiation into neurons and glial cells, and modulation of the injury microenvironment. These properties enable SCs to reduce inflammation, inhibit apoptosis, and promote neuronal regeneration in preclinical models. Exosome-based therapies, derived from SCs, offer a novel alternative by addressing challenges like immune rejection and tumorigenicity. Exosomes deliver biomolecules, such as miRNAs, fostering anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and pro-regenerative effects. They have shown efficacy in improving motor function, reducing glial scarring, and enhancing axonal regrowth in SCI models. The objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of SC therapy and exosome-based approaches, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize SCI management while addressing ethical concerns, immune rejection, and the need for large-scale clinical trials. These therapies hold promise for improving recovery outcomes and alleviating the profound disabilities associated with SCI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Therapy vs. EV Therapy)
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