Submit to IJERPH Review for IJERPH Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 60237

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Derek de Beurs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Netherlands Institute for Health services research (Nivel), 3513 CR Utrecht, The Netherlands
Interests: suicide prevention; network analysis; complexity theory; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Suicidal behavior can be seen as a result of a complex interaction between many different factors. This is in line with the network perspective on psychopathology. The central idea of this perspective is that psychopathology is a consequence of symptoms that directly interact with one another in a network structure. The network perspective can be seen as a starting point to move from traditional linear thinking towards more complex theories and models, belonging to the field of complexity science. Network and complexity system theory offer exciting new possibilities for our understanding of suicidal behavior. This Special Issue aims to collect original and innovative studies that help to move the field of suicide prevention towards complexity research.

Dr. Derek de Beurs
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

suicidal behavior
complexity
networkanalyses
ecological momentatr assessment
idiographic approach

Published Papers (13 papers)

Download All Papers

Research

Jump to: Review

12 pages, 577 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Parental Attitude Toward Psychiatric Help on Their Children’s Suicidal Ideation: A Convenience Sample Study on One South Korean Middle School

by Yoo Mi Jeong and Hanjong Park

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(20), 7656; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207656 - 20 Oct 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2470

Abstract

Depression, depression stigma, and attitude toward psychiatric help are associated factors of suicide in adolescents. As parents are the main decision-makers of receiving professional help for their children’s depression and suicide, parental factors influencing their children’s suicide should be examined. Moreover, parents’ help-seeking attitude for their own mental health problems could affect their children’s mental health problems. Therefore, this study examined the serial mediation of adolescents’ depression, depression stigma, and attitude toward psychiatric help in the relationship between parental attitude toward psychiatric help and the suicidal ideation of their children, using data of 103 parent–child pairs. A cross-sectional study was conducted by employing a self-administered survey. A serial mediation analysis was performed using Amos 25.0. Parental attitude toward psychiatric help directly and indirectly influenced children’s suicidal ideation. Children’s depression stigma, attitude toward psychiatric help, and depression mediated the relationship of parental attitude toward psychiatric help and their children’s suicidal ideation. When parents have a more positive attitude toward psychiatric help, their children’s suicidal ideation become more decreased. Enhancing only parental attitude toward psychiatric help may make a positive change on their children’s suicidal ideation. The study findings imply that when developing and applying youth suicide prevention programs, how parents affect their children’s suicidal ideation should be considered as well as adolescents’ depression stigma, attitude toward psychiatric help, and depression. Given the results of this study, healthcare providers may better evaluate the effectiveness of their intervention programs for preventing adolescents’ suicide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 348 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcultural Differences in Risk Factors and in Triggering Reasons of Suicidal and Self-Harming Behaviour in Young People with and without a Migration Background

by Zeliha Özlü-Erkilic, Thomas Wenzel, Oswald D. Kothgassner and Türkan Akkaya-Kalayci

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(18), 6498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186498 - 07 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2523

Abstract

Minors with and without migration background can have different risk factors and triggering reasons for self-harming and suicidal behaviour. We retrospectively analysed the data of 192 children and adolescents to investigate the transcultural differences in self-harming, as well as suicidal behaviour in Austrian, Turkish, and Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS)-speaking patients, who were treated in an emergency out-patient clinic in Vienna. Our results showed transcultural differences in both behaviours. In all groups, females had higher rates of suicide attempts and self-harming behaviour than males. While Turkish-speaking patients received treatment more often, after attempted suicide, Austrians and BCS-speaking patients needed treatment more often for acute stress disorder. Suicide attempts and self-harming behaviours were triggered most frequently by intrafamilial problems, but more frequently in migrant patients. Turkish-speaking patients were at a more than 2 times (OR = 2.21, 95%CI: 1.408–3.477) higher risk for suicide attempts, and were triggered almost 3 times (OR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.632–5.304) more often by interfamilial conflicts. The suicide attempts of BCS-speaking minors were more often caused by relationship and separation crises (OR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.148–5.705). These transcultural differences in suicidal and self-harming behaviour of minors, demand an increase of transcultural competence to provide optimal treatment of migrant children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

11 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of Internet- and Mobile-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Reduce Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data

by Rebekka Büscher, Marie Beisemann, Philipp Doebler, Lena Steubl, Matthias Domhardt, Pim Cuijpers, Ad Kerkhof and Lasse B. Sander

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(14), 5179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145179 - 17 Jul 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2851

Abstract

Internet- and mobile-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) might reduce suicidal ideation. However, recent meta-analyses found small effect sizes, and it remains unclear whether specific subgroups of participants experience beneficial or harmful effects. This is the study protocol for an individual participant meta-analysis (IPD-MA) aiming to determine the effectiveness of iCBT on suicidal ideation and identify moderators. We will systematically search CENTRAL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Pubmed for randomized controlled trials examining guided or self-guided iCBT for suicidality. All types of control conditions are eligible. Participants experiencing suicidal ideation will be included irrespective of age, diagnoses, or co-interventions. We will conduct a one-stage IPD-MA with suicidal ideation as the primary outcome, using a continuous measure, reliable improvement and deterioration, and response rate. Moderator analyses will be performed on participant-, study-, and intervention-level. Two independent reviewers will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool 2 and GRADE. This review was registered with OSF and is currently in progress. The IPD-MA will provide effect estimates while considering covariates and will offer novel insights into differential effects on a participant level. This will help to develop more effective, safe, and tailored digital treatment options for suicidal individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

34 pages, 5489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviours for Male Students: A Framework for Developing a Complex Intervention

by Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli, Emma Godfrey, Selina Graham and June S. L. Brown

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(14), 4965; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144965 - 09 Jul 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 9846

Abstract

Men are less likely to seek help for mental health difficulties and this process is often used to help explain the disproportionally higher suicide rates compared to women. Furthermore, university students are often regarded as a vulnerable population group with a lower propensity to seek help. Thus, male students are a very high-risk group that is even more reluctant to seek help for mental health difficulties, placing them at high risk of suicide. Often, student mental health problems are highlighted in the media, but very few evidence-based solutions specifically designed for male students exist. The current paper seeks to provide a comprehensive framework about how to better design mental health interventions that seek to improve male students’ willingness to access psychological support. The Medical Research Council’s (MRC’s) framework for developing a complex intervention was used to develop an intervention relevant to male students. In this paper, previous help-seeking interventions and their evaluation methods are first described, secondly, a theoretical framework outlining the important factors male students face when accessing support, and thirdly, how these factors can be mapped onto a model of behaviour change to inform the development of an evidence-based intervention are discussed. Finally, an example intervention with specific functions and behaviour change techniques is provided to demonstrate how this framework can be implemented and evaluated. It is hoped that this framework can be used to help reduce the disparity between male and female students seeking mental health support. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Embedding an Evidence-Based Model for Suicide Prevention in the National Health Service: A Service Improvement Initiative

by Sophie Brown, Zaffer Iqbal, Frances Burbidge, Aamer Sajjad, Mike Reeve, Victoria Ayres, Richard Melling and David Jobes

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(14), 4920; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144920 - 08 Jul 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5142

Abstract

Despite the improved understanding of the determinants of suicide over recent decades, the mean suicide rate within the United Kingdom (UK) has remained at 10 per 100,000 per annum, with about 28% accessing mental health services in the 12 months prior to death. In this paper, we outlined a novel systems-level approach to tackling this problem through objectively differentiating the level of severity for each suicide risk presentation and providing fast-track pathways to care for all, including life-threatening cases. An additional operational challenge addressed within the proposed model was the saturation of local crisis mental health services with approximately 150 suicidality referrals per month, including non-mental health cases. This paper discussed a service improvement initiative undertaken within a National Health Service (NHS) secondary care mental health provider’s open-access 24/7 crisis and home treatment service. An organisation-wide bespoke “suicide risk triage” system utilising the Collaborative Assessment and Management of Suicidality (CAMS) was implemented across all services. The preliminary impacts on suicidality, suicide rates and service user outcomes were described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Is the Presence of Company Related to Thwarted Belongingness in Real Time? Taking a Closer Look at the Conceptualization of the Construct of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide

by Nina Hallensleben, Heide Glaesmer, Thomas Forkmann, Dajana Rath, Maria Strauss, Anette Kersting and Lena Spangenberg

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4873; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134873 - 06 Jul 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2138

Abstract

(1) Background: The role of thwarted belongingness (TB) in predicting suicidal ideation, as originally assumed by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, is repeatedly challenged by empirical findings. This could be due to an inadequate conceptualization of the construct of TB that is assumed to be influenced by intrapersonal and interpersonal factors. (2) Methods: We examined the associations of TB with intrapersonal variables related to depression, and with interpersonal variables related to an individual’s actual social environment. We analyzed data from an ecological momentary assessment study in psychiatric inpatients with depressive disorders. N = 73 participants rated momentary TB, depressive affect and status of company up to 10 times per day, over a period of six days, on smartphones. (3) Results: TB was lower when assessed while participants were in company compared to when they were alone, and the more desired the company was, the less TB was experienced. Individuals who had a partnership experienced less momentary TB. Furthermore, higher levels of momentary depressive affect, as well as more stable levels of depression, were related to higher levels of TB, and the relation between the presence of company and TB was weaker for more depressed persons. (4) Conclusions: Our findings can be seen as evidence that both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors relate to TB, and thus support the conceptualization of TB as proposed by the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Do Feelings of Defeat and Entrapment Change over Time? An Investigation of the Integrated Motivational—Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour Using Ecological Momentary Assessments

by Jana-Sophie Stenzel, Inken Höller, Dajana Rath, Nina Hallensleben, Lena Spangenberg, Heide Glaesmer and Thomas Forkmann

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4685; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134685 - 29 Jun 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3261

Abstract

(1) Background. Defeat and entrapment have been highlighted as major risk factors of suicidal ideation and behavior. Nevertheless, little is known about their short-term variability and their longitudinal association in real-time. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether defeat and entrapment change over time and whether defeat predicts entrapment as stated by the integrated motivational–volitional model of suicidal behavior. (2) Methods. Healthy participants (n = 61) underwent a 7-day smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) on suicidal ideation/behavior and relevant risk factors, including defeat and entrapment and a comprehensive baseline (T0) and post (T2) assessment. (3) Results. Mean squared successive differences (MSSD) and intraclass correlations (ICC) support the temporal instability as well as within-person variability of defeat and entrapment. Multilevel analyses revealed that during EMA, defeat was positively associated with entrapment at the same measurement. However, defeat could not predict entrapment to the next measurement (approximately two hours later). (4) Conclusion. This study provides evidence on the short-term variability of defeat and entrapment highlighting that repeated measurement of defeat and entrapment—preferably in real time—is necessary in order to adequately capture the actual empirical relations of these variables and not to overlook significant within-person variability. Further research—especially within clinical samples—seems warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 865 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How is Participating in Suicide Prevention Activities Experienced by Those with Lived and Living Experiences of Suicide in Australia? A Qualitative Study

by Sarah Wayland, Kathy McKay and Myfanwy Maple

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(13), 4635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134635 - 27 Jun 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3089

Abstract

People with a lived experience of suicide are commonly included within suicide prevention research. This includes participation in conferences, policy development, research and other activities. Yet little is known about the impact on the person in the long term of regularly sharing one’s experience to different audiences and, in some cases, to a schedule not of your choosing. This qualitative study asked twenty people to share their reflections of being lived experience representatives within suicide prevention. Participants varied in the length of time they had been sharing their stories, and how they shared with different audiences. These narratives were thematically analysed within a reflective framework, including field notes. Four broad themes were noted that highlighted participants’ recommendations as to how the lived experience speaker training could grow alongside suicide prevention activities to facilitate safe activities that include a shared understanding of the expected outcome from participation. The environment for people with lived experience of suicide to tell their stories already exists, meaning that the suicide prevention sector needs to move quickly to ensure people understand the variety of spaces where lived experience needs to be incorporated, evaluated and better supported. When lived experience is a valued inclusion in the creation of effective and appropriate suicide prevention research and interventions, those who share their experience must be valued and supported in a way that reflects this. This study recommends strategies to practically and emotionally support speakers, including ways to ensure debriefing and support, which can enhance the longevity of the speakers in the suicide prevention space by valuing the practical and emotional labour required to be suicide prevention representatives, with an outcome recommendation for best practice guidelines for those who engage people with lived experience in suicide prevention activities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 329 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Trauma Exposure and Psychiatric Hospitalization for Suicide Ideation or Suicide Attempt among Patients Admitted to a Military Treatment Setting

by Arthur T. Ryan, Samantha E. Daruwala, Kanchana U. Perera, Su Yeon Lee-Tauler, Jennifer Tucker, Geoffrey Grammer, Jennifer Weaver and Marjan Ghahramanlou-Holloway

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(8), 2729; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082729 - 15 Apr 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2418

Abstract

Suicide attempts and psychiatric hospitalization represent the final outcomes of a complex dynamical system of interacting factors that influence a particular individual’s likelihood of engaging in suicidal behavior, as well as their ability to seek help prior to acting upon suicidal impulses. This study examined the association between different types of lifetime trauma exposure and the likelihood of psychiatric hospitalization following a suicide attempt (SA) rather than suicidal ideation (SI) alone. Electronic medical records for 1100 U.S. military service members and their dependents admitted to a military psychiatric inpatient setting for SA or SI were reviewed for documented lifetime trauma exposure history. Findings indicated that exposure to at least one childhood trauma of any type, and childhood neglect in particular, increased the likelihood that an individual would be hospitalized for SA rather than SI. Exploratory gender-stratified analyses demonstrated that childhood neglect, childhood sexual abuse, and adulthood traumatic loss may be linked with the likelihood of being hospitalized for SA. These findings demonstrate the importance of developing more detailed and nuanced conception of factors known to be associated with suicide as their effects may depend on details of their timing and nature, as well as their interactions with other systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

14 pages, 680 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Shame and Suicidal Ideation among Undergraduates in China: The Mediating Effect of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness

by Jingjing Zhao, Yanna Chi, Yanli Ju, Xiyao Liu, Jingjing Wang, Xinglai Liu, Bob Lew, Ching Sin Siau and Cunxian Jia

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2360; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072360 - 31 Mar 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4514

Abstract

Undergraduate students with shame are more likely to experience suicidal ideation, but there remains a lack of research investigating the factors underlying this relationship. The interpersonal theory of suicide posits that suicidal ideation is influenced by the simultaneous presence of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. We examined the prevalence of suicidal ideation among undergraduate students in China and examined the association between shame and suicidal ideation mediated by perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. A survey was conducted in July 2018 involving 2320 undergraduate students, and the twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation was 8.95%. Shame played a crucial role in predicting suicidal ideation, and the mediating effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness between shame and suicidal ideation were significant. Suicidal ideation is common among undergraduate students in China and merits greater attention. Shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belongingness may be important factors to assess among undergraduate students in suicide risk assessment and psychological intervention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suicide Rates, Social Capital, and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Japan: An Ecological Study

by Tsuneo Nakamura, Taishi Tsuji, Yuiko Nagamine, Kazushige Ide, Seungwon Jeong, Yasuhiro Miyaguni and Katsunori Kondo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(24), 4942; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244942 - 06 Dec 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3424

Abstract

Depression is considered the primary risk factor for older people’s suicide. When considering suicide measures, it is necessary to clarify the relationship between depressive symptoms, social capital, and suicide rates. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the relationship between community-level social capital, depressive symptoms, and suicide rates among older people in Japan. We analyzed the data gathered from 63,026 men and 72,268 women aged 65 years and older, totaling 135,294 subjects in 81 municipalities with a population of over 100,000 participants in the 2013 Sixth Long-Term Care Needs Survey and another survey conducted by Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) in 2013 including the same question items as the survey in Japan. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the male suicide standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (B = 2.318, p = 0.002), and received emotional support (B = −2.622, p = 0.014) had a negative correlation with the male suicide SMR. In older males particularly, the received emotional support in the community was independently associated with the suicide rate. Therefore, fostering social support in a community could act as a countermeasure to suicide among older males in Japan. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

15 pages, 1038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Suicide Overall and Suicide by Pesticide Rates among South Korean Workers: A 15-Year Population-Based Study

by Yangwoo Kim, Jeehee Min and Soo-Jin Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(23), 4866; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234866 - 03 Dec 2019

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4087

Abstract

Suicide is a major public health concern in South Korea, and self-poisoning by pesticides is one of the common methods of suicide. Pesticide ban policies have been successful for suicide prevention; however, no studies have shown their effect according to occupational groups. The present study analyzed suicide and suicide by pesticide rates among South Korean workers aged 15–64 in 2003–2017, their associations with occupational groups, and the impact of three major economic indices on these factors. Workers in the agriculture, forestry, and fishery industries had relative risks of 5.62 (95% CI: 5.54–5.69) for suicide overall and 25.49 (95% CI: 24.46–26.57) for suicide by pesticide. The real gross domestic product had a positive association with suicide overall only in the last five-year period investigated in this study, and the unemployment rate consistently had a positive association. The economic status and policy for suicide prevention affected suicide and suicide by pesticide rates differently among occupational groups and different time periods. Policy addressing suicidal risk for different occupational groups should be of concern in South Korea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

25 pages, 1223 KiB

Open AccessReview

Artificial Intelligence and Suicide Prevention: A Systematic Review of Machine Learning Investigations

by Rebecca A. Bernert, Amanda M. Hilberg, Ruth Melia, Jane Paik Kim, Nigam H. Shah and Freddy Abnousi

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(16), 5929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165929 - 15 Aug 2020

Cited by 97 | Viewed by 13798

Abstract

Suicide is a leading cause of death that defies prediction and challenges prevention efforts worldwide. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as a means of investigating large datasets to enhance risk detection. A systematic review of ML investigations evaluating suicidal behaviors was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Web-of-Science, and EMBASE, employing search strings and MeSH terms relevant to suicide and AI. Databases were supplemented by hand-search techniques and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria: (1) journal article, available in English, (2) original investigation, (3) employment of AI/ML, (4) evaluation of a suicide risk outcome. N = 594 records were identified based on abstract search, and 25 hand-searched reports. N = 461 reports remained after duplicates were removed, n = 316 were excluded after abstract screening. Of n = 149 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, n = 87 were included for quantitative synthesis, grouped according to suicide behavior outcome. Reports varied widely in methodology and outcomes. Results suggest high levels of risk classification accuracy (>90%) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) in the prediction of suicidal behaviors. We report key findings and central limitations in the use of AI/ML frameworks to guide additional research, which hold the potential to impact suicide on broad scale. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Suicidal Behavior as a Complex Dynamical System)

► Show Figures