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Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations

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A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2023) | Viewed by 20581

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jonghoon Park

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Guest Editor

Department of Physical Education, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Interests: exercise nutrition; energy metabolism; dietary supplements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than one billion adults are overweight and obese worldwide, with prevalence increasing in most countries. Obese adults are at increased risk for developing diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The world is now engaged in all aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in increased rates of greater severity of obesity.

Physical activity strategies including exercise prescription have been largely linked to improvements in the parameters of obesity. Additionally, nutritional strategies have the potential to the improve body composition parameters and also the synergic effects on preventing obesity with physical activity intervention.

In this Special Issue on “Physical activity and nutrition strategies for preventing overweight and obesity in adult populations”, we are seeking unpublished works, including physical activity and nutrition strategies illustrating new clinical and physiological knowledge or synergistic effects for preventing obesity in adult populations. We will consider studies utilizing new digital technologies, clinical trials, interventions, observational studies, epidemiological studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

Dr. Jonghoon Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

adult
overweight and obesity
exercise prescription
daily physical activity
nutrition

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

9 pages, 708 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Body Mass Index on Muscle Strength, Thicknesses, and Fiber Composition in Young Women

by Eun-Sook Sung, Ahreum Han, Timo Hinrichs, Matthias Vorgerd and Petra Platen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(16), 9789; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169789 - 9 Aug 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1573

Abstract

High body mass index (BMI) may influence muscle strength, muscle thickness (Mtk), and fiber composition. We evaluated these parameters in 31 and 27 women grouped in non-oral contraceptive (non-OC) groups and OC groups, respectively, and further divided them into groups based on BMI: BMI_low, BMI_norm, and BMI_high. Maximum isometric force (F_max), Mtk, and the relative percentage of muscle fiber composition (%) were examined in both groups. F_max and Mtk values were significantly greater in the BMI_high than the BMI_low within the OC group. However, there was no significant difference in the non-OC group. BMI_low and BMI_norm groups showed a difference in the distribution of muscle fiber types 1 and 2 with almost the same proportions in both non-OC and OC groups. However, the BMI_high group showed a difference in the distribution of muscle fiber types 1 and 2, with type 1 about 18.76% higher in the non-OC group. Contrastively, type 2 was about 34.35% higher in the OC group. In this study, we found that there was a significant difference in F_max and Mtk according to the BMI level in the OC group, but no significant difference was found in the non-OC group. Moreover, the distribution of type 2 muscle fibers tended to be higher in the OC group of BMI_high, although the sample size was small. Therefore, although no significant difference of F_max and Mtk was found according to BMI level in the non-OC group in this study, the increase in BMI level appeared to be more associative of muscle strength in the OC group. Based on the present results, future studies are needed that consider the BMI level as well as the presence or absence of OC in future research about women’s muscle strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations)

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17 pages, 862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Alone and in Combination with Sprint Interval Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Individuals with Overweight and Obesity

by Matthew B. Cooke, William Deasy, Elya J. Ritenis, Robin A. Wilson and Christos G. Stathis

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(13), 7969; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137969 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3071

Abstract

The popularity of intermittent fasting (IF) and high intensity (sprint) interval training (SIT) has increased in recent years amongst the general public due to their purported health benefits and feasibility of incorporation into daily life. The number of scientific studies investigating these strategies has also increased, however, very few have examined the combined effects, especially on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers, which is the primary aim of this investigation. A total of thirty-four male and female participants (age: 35.4 ± 8.4 y, body mass index (BMI): 31.3 ± 3.5 kg/m², aerobic capacity (VO_2peak) 27.7 ± 7.0 mL·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹) were randomized into one of three 16-week interventions: (1) 5:2 IF (2 non-consecutive days of fasting per week, 5 days on ad libitum eating), (2) supervised SIT (3 bouts per week of 20s cycling at 150% VO_2peak followed by 40 s of active rest, total 10 min duration), and (3) a combination of both interventions. Body composition, haemodynamic and VO_2peak were measured at 0, 8 and 16 weeks. Blood samples were also taken and analysed for lipid profiles and markers of glucose regulation. Both IF and IF/SIT significantly decreased body weight, fat mass and visceral fat compared to SIT only (p < 0.05), with no significant differences between diet and diet + exercise combined. The effects of diet and/or exercise on cardiometabolic biomarkers were mixed. Only exercise alone or with IF significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness. The results suggest that energy restriction was the main driver of body composition enhancement, with little effect from the low volume SIT. Conversely, to achieve benefits in cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise is required. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations)

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16 pages, 1880 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Two Diet and Exercise Approaches on Weight Loss and Health Outcomes in Obese Women

by Brittanie Lockard, Michelle Mardock, Jonathan M. Oliver, Mike Byrd, Sunday Simbo, Andrew R. Jagim, Julie Kresta, Claire C. Baetge, Yanghoon Peter Jung, Majid S. Koozehchian, Deepesh Khanna, Chris Rasmussen and Richard B. Kreider

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(8), 4877; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084877 - 17 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5677

Abstract

Aim: To compare the efficacy of two popular weight loss approaches on weight loss, body composition, and markers of health in sedentary obese women. Methods: In total, 51 sedentary women (age 34.5 ± 7.7 yrs.; weight 90.0 ± 14.5 kg; BMI 34.0 ± 5.1 kg/m²; 46.5 ± 7.0% fat) were matched and randomized to participate in the Weight Watchers^® Momentum™ (WW) or Curves^® (CV) Fitness and Weight Management program for 16 weeks. Participants in the WW group (n = 27) were provided a point-based diet program, received weekly progress checks and counseling, and were encouraged to exercise. Participants in the CV group (n = 24) followed a menu-based higher protein/low-fat diet (1200 kcal/d) for 1 week; 1500 kcal/d diet for 3 weeks; and 2000–2500 kcals/d for 2 weeks that was repeated three times (except the last segment) while participating in a supervised circuit-style resistance training program (3 d/wk). A general linear model (GLM) with repeated measures was used to analyze data and are presented as mean changes from baseline (mean [UL, LL]). Results: Supervised CV training resulted in greater amounts of vigorous and total physical activity. After 16 weeks, both groups lost weight (WW −6.1 [−7.8, −4.6], CV −4.9 [−6.2, −3.2] kg, p = 0.264). Participants in the CV group observed greater reductions in fat mass (WW −2.9 [−6.7, −0.2], CV −6.4 [−9.2, −3.6] kg, p = 0.081) and increases in lean mass (WW −2.5 [−4.3, −0.7], CV 1.3 [−0.6, 3.2] kg, p = 0.005) resulting in more favorable changes in percent body fat (WW −1.4 [−4.1, 1.2], CV −4.7 [−7.5, −1.8]%, p = 0.098). Both groups observed improvements in peak aerobic capacity and muscular endurance, although bench press lifting volume was greater in the CV group. Those in the CV group experienced a greater increase in HDLc and reduction in the CHL–HDLc ratio and triglycerides. Conclusion: Both interventions promoted weight loss and improvements in fitness and markers of health. The CV program, which included supervised resistance training and higher protein diet menus, promoted greater fat loss, increases in lean mass, and improvements in percent body fat and blood lipids. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT04372771, registered retrospectively 1 May 2020. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations)

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15 pages, 1388 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Diet Control and Telemedicine-Based Resistance Exercise Intervention on Patients with Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Control Trial

by Yen-I Hsu, Ying-Chou Chen, Chia-Lun Lee and Nai-Jen Chang

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 7744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157744 - 21 Jul 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4920

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of home-based nutritional and telemedicine-based resistance exercise interventions on improving body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance. In total, 66 obese patients with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into a diet control group (D), elastic band resistance exercise group (E), and diet control plus elastic band exercise group (D + E). Each group was supervised by a clinical dietitian and follow-up was conducted via telephone calls or a communication application to track the participants’ progress. After 12 weeks of intervention, the D (p < 0.001) and D + E (p < 0.001) groups achieved significant weight loss. The D + E group exhibited a significant reduction in body fat relative to the D (p = 0.019) and E (p = 0.012) groups. Compared with the D (p = 0.002) and E (p = 0.019) groups, the D + E group achieved significant improvements in the timed up-and-go test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis total scale. The D + E group experienced significant improvements in total cholesterol (p = 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.01), and triglyceride levels (p = 0.007) relative to other groups. In conclusion, individual diet control intervention combined with telemedicine-based resistance exercise intervention significantly improved the body composition, blood biochemistry, and lower-limb functional performance of the investigated population with comorbid conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations)

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Review

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20 pages, 5083 KiB

Open AccessReview

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Relationship between Actual Exercise Intensity and Rating of Perceived Exertion in the Overweight and Obese Population

by Hongli Yu, Chen Sun, Bo Sun, Xiaohui Chen and Zhijun Tan

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(24), 12912; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182412912 - 7 Dec 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4369

Abstract

The number of overweight (OW) and obese (OB) children, adolescents, and adults has increased globally. Exercise intensity, both actual and perceived, is a significant factor in a variety of health-related investigations and rehabilitation trainings. Despite this, literature on the connection between actual exercise intensity and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in overweight and obese populations is lacking. A systematic review, meta-analysis, combined analysis of variance (Brown–Forsythe ANOVA), and Spearman correlation were performed to fill this gap. After preliminary assessments, ten studies were classified as having a low risk of bias and a degree of heterogeneity (I² = 34%; p = 0.05). The RPE scores (F = 0.032; p = 0.859), physiological index (percentage of maximal heart rate (%HR_max) (F = 0.028; p = 0.869), and percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO_2max) (F = 2.434; p = 0.136) demonstrated consistency without being significantly different between the normal weight (NW) and OW/OB groups. The RPE scores varied by age (NW (coefficient values) = 0.677 ***, OW = 0.585 **), as well as by indoor temperature (OW only, coefficient values = 0.422 *), body mass index (NW (coefficient values) = 0.516 **, OW = 0.580 **), and test time (NW only, coefficient values = 0.451 *). We conclude that RPE is appropriate for the following OW and OB people: (1) those who are older than 21.5 (the lowest age in the group of ≥18) years old and younger than 58.6 (the highest age in the group of ≥18) years old, without any other diseases, and (2) those who engage in low-intensity exercise while maintaining a standard indoor temperature. Future studies may address alternative techniques for increasing the reliability of longitudinal comparisons and gender comparisons, as well as investigate other possible confounding factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity and Nutrition Strategies for Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Adult Populations)

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