New Insight and Applications of Multifunction Antimicrobial Peptides

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), or host defense peptides (HDPs), are produced by all living organisms. In eukaryotes, these peptides are considered as the first barrier of innate immune system against external threats. In prokaryotes, AMPs could be ribosomally or non-ribosomally synthesized, leading to the elimination of intruders through different modes of action. The main target of these peptides is the cytoplasmic membrane; however, DNA, cell wall, and protein synthesis are also affected by some AMPs. Currently, antimicrobial resistance is acknowledged as a major concern in the world. Their misuses have enabled the development and dissemination of microorganisms with expanded antibiotic resistance capability. Research on the alternatives to tackle this phenomenon is urgently needed, as supported by different national and international organizations. Today, AMPs have largely demonstrated their effectiveness on several malevolent bacteria, such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. In addition to their antibacterial activity, AMPs are also endowed with further functions, including antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and anticarcinoma activities. Some of these peptides are even able to modulate the immune response of host organisms, regulating cytokine secretion and dendritic cell behavior, and enhance recovery abilities. This “multifunction status” of AMPs renders these molecules a new category of drugs whose potential has been steadily reported and documented.

Dr. Yanath Belguesmia
Guest Editor

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