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Social and Geographic Disparities in Healthy Aging

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Global Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 1910

Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
Interests: social and neighborhood contexts; health disparities; lifecourse perspectives; health promotion; cognitive aging; dementia

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global population of adults aged 60 and older is rapidly expanding, largely due to the success of public health interventions focused earlier in the lifecourse, such as those that reduce maternal and child deaths [1]. However, increased longevity has not been accompanied by an equivalent increase in “healthspan”—or the period of years spent free of disease and disability—and substantial social and geographic disparities in “healthspan” present a new public health challenge [2].

In this issue, we invite studies from a wide range of disciplinary and methodological perspectives that build a scientific understanding of risk and resilience for healthy aging, and inform public health strategies that promote healthy aging equity both locally and globally. We conceptualize healthy aging not explicitly as “healthspan”, but also as having the capacity to live an enriched and fulfilling life even in the presence of disease and disability. As such, achieving healthy aging equity requires an awareness of lifecourse processes and context-specific social and structural determinants of health, and we encourage studies that include these perspectives [3].

References

  1. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Ageing 2023: Challenges and opportunities of population ageing in the least developed countries. 2023. Available online: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/launch-World-Population-Ageing-2023 (accessed on 17 February 2025).
  2. Garmany, A.; Yamada, S.; Terzic, A. Longevity leap: Mind the healthspan gap. NPJ Regen. Med. 2021, 6, 57. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41536-021-00169-5.
  3. Jones, N.L.; Gilman, S.E.; Cheng, T.L.; Drury, S.S.; Hill, C.V.; Geronimus, A.T. Life Course Approaches to the Causes of Health Disparities. Am. J. Public Health 2019, 109(S1), S48–S55. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304738.

Dr. Rachel Lynne Peterson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • aging
  • gerontology
  • health disparities
  • health equity
  • physical environment
  • social determinants of health
  • social environment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2329 KB  
Article
The Geography of Frail Ageing in Italy: Longevity, Non-Self-Sufficiency and Implications for Assistance Benefits
by Carlo Maccheroni, Roberta Pace and Giuseppe Venere
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(8), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23080947 - 23 Jul 2026
Viewed by 263
Abstract
This paper examines the geography of frail ageing in Italy by analysing how longevity, health conditions, non-self-sufficiency and assistance needs intersect across territories. Its distinctive contribution lies in moving beyond a purely demographic reading of population ageing, linking the extension of life to [...] Read more.
This paper examines the geography of frail ageing in Italy by analysing how longevity, health conditions, non-self-sufficiency and assistance needs intersect across territories. Its distinctive contribution lies in moving beyond a purely demographic reading of population ageing, linking the extension of life to the quality of later-life survival and to the uneven territorial distribution of public assistance. Drawing on official data from Istat, Eurostat and INPS, this study adopts a regional comparative approach, with evidence disaggregated by sex, age group and macro-area. The analysis combines indicators of demographic structure, residual life expectancy at age 65, healthy life expectancy, severe limitations in daily activities, multimorbidity and assistance benefits. This framework makes it possible to distinguish between ageing as a numerical increase in the older population and ageing as a differentiated condition of vulnerability, dependency and welfare need. The findings show that Italy’s high longevity conceals marked territorial and gender inequalities. While the centre–north displays more favourable survival and health profiles, the south and the islands have higher levels of frailty, functional limitations and reliance on public assistance. Women appear to be particularly exposed to this imbalance, living longer but spending more years in conditions of disability and dependency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social and Geographic Disparities in Healthy Aging)
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19 pages, 365 KB  
Article
Racialized Aging in the Context of Climate Extremes: Post-Flood Healthy Aging and Recovery Among Older Adults in Quilombola Communities of Southern Brazil
by Roberth Steven Gutiérrez-Murillo, Patricia Krieger Grossi, Gustavo Cezar Wagner Leandro and Márcio Lima Grossi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2026, 23(3), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23030375 - 17 Mar 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 771
Abstract
Background: Quilombola communities, Afro-descendant Brazilian rural settlements with collectivistic culture, have suffered historical invasions and non-legalization of their territories, exposure to environmental degradation/hazards, and educational and health care deprivation by the government. Global climate changes have increased sea levels and the occurrence of [...] Read more.
Background: Quilombola communities, Afro-descendant Brazilian rural settlements with collectivistic culture, have suffered historical invasions and non-legalization of their territories, exposure to environmental degradation/hazards, and educational and health care deprivation by the government. Global climate changes have increased sea levels and the occurrence of floods. This study presents original empirical findings from ongoing qualitative fieldwork in Quilombola communities in Southern Brazil that were severely affected by the 2024 floods, focusing on post-disaster quality of life, health impacts, and community coping strategies. These dimensions remain underexamined in public health and environmental justice research. Methods: Guided by interdisciplinary frameworks of environmental racism, intersectionality, and critical disaster studies, flooding is analyzed not as a natural hazard, but as a socially produced risk shaped by racialized territorial exclusion, historical marginalization, and chronic governance failures. Data were generated by household testimonies, community observations, and assessments of governmental disaster responses. Results: Fragmented disaster management, unequal access to infrastructure, and limited participatory governance mechanisms intensified vulnerability, constrained adaptive capacity, and exacerbated health inequities among Quilombola populations. Despite these constraints, communities demonstrated strong resilience grounded in traditional knowledge, local solidarity networks, and collective agency. Conclusions: The study underscores the urgent need for equity-centered environmental governance and inclusive disaster risk reduction strategies to address healthy aging inequities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social and Geographic Disparities in Healthy Aging)
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