Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for Healthcare Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments

Print Special Issue Flyer
Editor
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue
Published Papers

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 70193

Share This Special Issue

Editor

Dr. Alexios Batrakoulis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

1. Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
2. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, 89100 Komotini, Greece
Interests: clinical exercise physiology; exercise physiology; exercise biochemistry; strength and conditioning; high-intensity interval training; obesity; functional training; resistance training
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

“Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments” is a topic that affects a considerable proportion of the global adult population. In light of the growing prevalence in sedentary lifestyles and the alarming rise in chronic diseases associated with these habits, it is imperative to consider the potential benefits of regular physical activity. Further research is required to elucidate the crucial function of bodily movement and/or nutritional behavior among those impacted by the most common cardiometabolic health diseases.

Areas of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following areas: Physical activity, exercise, and/or nutrition, and:

Anthropometric characteristics;
Body composition;
Glucose metabolism;
Lipid metabolism;
Blood pressure;
Oxidative stress;
Redox status;
Liver function;
Renal function;
Physical fitness;
Exercise behavioral regulation;
Enjoyment;
Affect valence;
Quality of life;
Mood state;
Depression;
Anxiety;
Stress;
Eating habits;
Sleep.

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Alexios Batrakoulis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

obesity
prediabetes
type 2 diabetes
dyslipidemia
hypertension
metabolic syndrome
chronic kidney disease
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
cardiovascular diseases
exercise
physical activity
diet

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

16 pages, 278 KB

Open AccessArticle

Mindful Eating and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Among Women with and Without Regular Exercise Habits

by Handan Isiklar, Meral Kucuk Yetgin and Zuhal Aydan Saglam

Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010067 - 26 Dec 2025

Viewed by 1067

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Eating mindfulness and healthy lifestyle behaviors play a key role in preventing unhealthy weight gain. Understanding how these behaviors differ according to exercise habits can guide interventions targeting women’s health. This study aimed to compare healthy lifestyle behaviors and eating mindfulness between women with and without regular exercise habits. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical, and descriptive study was conducted with 156 women: a Regular Exercise Group (REG, n = 68) and a Non-Exercise Group (NEG, n = 88). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using the Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-30) and the Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale II (HLBS-II), along with dietary records and anthropometric measurements. Results: The REG scored significantly higher in eating discipline (p = 0.003) and in HLBS-II subscales of physical activity, nutrition, and stress management (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in total MEQ scores, BMI-related nutrient intake, or other HLBS-II dimensions (p > 0.05). BMI values and smoking rates were lower in the REG (p < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression showed that BMI, eating discipline, physical activity, nutrition, stress management, and total HPLP-II scores were significantly associated with regular exercise (p < 0.05). In the multivariate model, BMI (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.021–1.216) remained independently associated with regular exercise status. Conclusions: Although eating discipline was higher in the REG, overall mindful eating levels did not differ between groups. BMI were the strongest independent variables associated with regular exercise status, suggesting that while exercise supports positive lifestyle patterns, enhancing mindful eating may require additional targeted interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

13 pages, 1400 KB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Feasibility of a Smartphone Application for Promoting Healthy Heart Behaviors Following Open-Heart Surgery: A Mixed-Method Pilot Study

by Preeyaphorn Songsorn, Pawarat Nontasil, Kornanong Yuenyongchaiwat, Noppawan Charususin, Jitanan Laosiripisan, Sasipa Buranapuntalug and Khanistha Wattanananont

Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1647; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141647 - 8 Jul 2025

Viewed by 1423

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Adherence to healthy behaviors after open-heart surgery is crucial for recovery and long-term health. Traditional patient education methods can be enhanced by using technology to improve engagement and self-care. This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility of the “Term-Jai” smartphone application for promoting healthy heart behaviors in open-heart surgery patients. Methods: The “Term-Jai” psychological theory-based application was tested quantitatively and qualitatively over a 30-day period with 13 patients (age 44–78 years) following open-heart surgery between November 2023 and March 2024. Participant engagement, healthy behaviors, user experience, and usability were assessed using the System Usability Scale (SUS), satisfaction ratings, healthy behavior questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews. Results: The application was feasible, with 70% of participants remaining engaged during the intervention. The average SUS score was 80.2 ± 10.3, indicating good usability. Participants found the application’s information useful, clear, and easy to understand, showing improvements in health behaviors following application usage. The qualitative analysis highlighted the application’s intuitive design and potential for supporting cardiac rehabilitation. High satisfaction scores suggested its effectiveness despite some barriers to application usage around technical support and personalized exercise progression. Conclusions: The “Term-Jai” application is a promising tool for promoting healthy behaviors in patients following open-heart surgery. The application shows good usability and participant satisfaction, indicating its potential for broader implementation after further refinements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2177 KB

Open AccessArticle

Correlation Between Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat and Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Analysis of NHANES 2011–2020

by Xi Fang, Xuemin Yin, Qianfang Liu, Jing Liu and Ying Li

Healthcare 2025, 13(7), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070694 - 21 Mar 2025

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3495

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome with high incidence and mortality rates is a prevalent health issue globally. The Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF), as a new index for valuating visceral adipose tissue, has been reported to be closely related to a variety of diseases. However, whether the METS-VF can be an indicator to predict the risk of CKM syndrome remains unclear. Methods: We selected National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database data from the 2011–2020 year cycles and conducted analyses between the METS-VF and CKM syndrome utilizing weighted Cox regression models, subgroup and interaction analysis, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. We also used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to analyze and compare the diagnostic predictive ability of the METS-VF, the BMI, and other indicators assessing adipose tissue, including the VAI, fat mass, and lean mass, in CKM syndrome. Results: In this study, the average age was 34.40 ± 0.61 years in the non-CKM patients, while the average age was over 40.38 ± 0.62 years in the CKM patients. Additionally, there was a greater proportion of male patients in the CKM patients (over 49.04%) in comparison with the non-CKM patients (37.94%). The average METS-VF was higher in the CKM patients (over 6.63 ± 0.02) compared with the non-CKM patients (5.62 ± 0.03). We found the METS-VF had a positive correlation with CKM syndrome and was hardly affected by other confounding factors. The METS-VF was more closely associated with CKM syndrome in the subgroup of age 20–59 and female patients. In addition, the METS-VF had better diagnostic ability for CKM syndrome than the body mass index (BMI) and other indicators. Conclusions: The METS-VF is a potentially actionable indicator that had a positive correlation with CKM risk. The METS-VF may be used as a possible reference in the management of CKM syndrome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1251 KB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Relaxation Massage Prior to Bedtime on Sleep Quality and Quantity in People with Symptoms of Chronic Insomnia: A Home-Based Sleep Study

by Ilias Ntoumas, Christina Karatzaferi, Christoforos D. Giannaki, Fotini Papanikolaou, Aggelos Pappas, Efthimios Dardiotis and Giorgos K. Sakkas

Healthcare 2025, 13(2), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020180 - 17 Jan 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 18006

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Manual massage is an effective treatment approach for reducing general stress and promoting an overall sense of well-being. Relaxation massage aims to alleviate psychophysiological tension, enhance both blood and lymphatic circulation, and promote mental and physical relaxation. It is particularly beneficial for those with anxiety-related symptoms (such as generalized anxiety disorder and social anxiety) and sleep disorders, aiming to improve calmness and promote sleepiness. Aims: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of a single session of relaxation massage prior to bedtime on sleep quality and quantity indices in individuals with symptoms of chronic insomnia. Methods: In total, 20 (N = 20) healthy individuals (aged 25.5 ± 12.0 years; 6F/14M) with a score on the Athens Insomnia Scale of ≥16 participated under three different conditions over one week apart: (1) a 45 min relaxation massage condition (REL), (2) a 45 min sham massage condition (PLA), and (3) a control condition with no massage. Sleep activity was monitored using a portable polysomnographic system. Results: A statistically significant effect was observed between sleep efficiency across the three sessions (p = 0.034), with a notable effect in the relaxation massage (REL) session (p = 0.045). Additionally, sustained sleep efficiency showed a statistically significant difference among the sessions (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Relaxation massage prior to bedtime could be used as an effective and safe non-pharmacological approach for improving sleep efficiency and potentially restoring the fragmented sleep of individuals with symptoms of insomnia. Trial registration number: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06781866. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

23 pages, 1200 KB

Open AccessReview

Evolution of Exercise Training in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension—A Comprehensive Review

by Ioannis Beis, Konstantina Dipla, Afroditi Boutou, Athanasios Zacharias, Athanasia Pataka, Evdokia Sourla, Andreas Zafeiridis and Georgia Pitsiou

Healthcare 2026, 14(12), 1796; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14121796 - 22 Jun 2026

Viewed by 399

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive, multifactorial syndrome characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart dysfunction, associated with significant morbidity, impaired quality of life, and poor prognosis. Advances in classification, hemodynamic definitions, and targeted pharmacotherapies have improved understanding and management, yet therapeutic challenges persist across the five World Health Organization groups of PH. Historically, exercise was discouraged due to concerns about adverse hemodynamic effects, but growing evidence has suggested that structured, supervised training is safe and beneficial. Randomized trials and meta-analyses show improvements in six-minute walk distance, peak oxygen uptake, right ventricular function, ventilatory efficiency, and health-related quality of life, with a low incidence of adverse events. Physiological adaptations include favorable cardiac remodeling, enhanced endothelial function, improved skeletal and respiratory muscle performance, and improved neurohormonal activity. Despite this evidence, barriers such as patient fears, limited clinical expertise, and restricted access to specialized rehabilitation programs hinder widespread implementation. Current guidelines recommend supervised exercise as part of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with stable PH, supporting its role as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy. This descriptive review briefly summarizes the pathophysiology of PH, phenotype-related differences and current therapeutic approaches, and the beneficial adaptations to exercise training, with the aim of informing exercise specialists and supporting safer, more effective integration of exercise-based rehabilitation into patient care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 2148 KB

Open AccessReview

Screening Tools for Early Identification of Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review

by Christos Christakis, Dimitra Saliari, Antonis Zampelas and Odysseas Androutsos

Healthcare 2026, 14(7), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14070839 - 25 Mar 2026

Viewed by 959

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Global estimates suggest that approximately 43% of individuals living with diabetes remain undiagnosed, underscoring the need for early identification of adults at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to support timely preventive interventions. This scoping review aimed to map and summarize existing non-invasive screening tools for identifying adults at high risk of T2DM. Methods: PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus were searched in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies published between 1995 and 2026 that described screening tools for adult populations were included. Results: A total of 58 studies describing screening tools were identified. The tools were developed and applied across diverse populations and ethnic groups. Most were questionnaire-based, easy to administer, and low cost. Commonly included variables comprised demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, lifestyle factors, and clinical indicators associated with increased T2DM risk. Substantial heterogeneity was observed in tool structure and reported predictive components. Conclusions: This scoping review provides an overview of available screening tools for the early identification of adults at high risk of T2DM. The mapped evidence may inform future validation studies and support context-specific implementation in public health and clinical practice settings, including integration into digital platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

28 pages, 1689 KB

Open AccessReview

Translational Lifestyle Medicine Approaches to Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome

by Zacharias Papadakis

Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010051 - 24 Dec 2025

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2033

Abstract

Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic (CKM) syndrome arises from interrelated cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic pathways that require coordinated therapeutic strategies. This narrative review synthesizes recent systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and original studies to evaluate the translational application of lifestyle medicine (LM) for CKM management. Evidence indicates that LM interventions targeting the six pillars of practice (nutrition, physical activity, stress management, sleep, social support, and avoidance of risky substances) can improve blood pressure, lipid profiles, glycemic control, and weight, with benefits that complement or at times rival pharmacotherapy. We outline opportunities at the LM–drug interface, including sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and nutrient-stimulated hormone agents such as GLP-1 and GIP, and highlight the need to test synergy and sequencing with LM. Persistent implementation barriers include prioritization of drug-centric care and limited protocolized delivery; the AHA 5A model and digital health tools, including wearables that enable real-time feedback, provide practical routes for integration. Marginalized populations carry a disproportionate burden of CKM, underscoring the need for equitable, culturally tailored approaches. Sex-specific gaps, particularly in post-menopausal lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, point to the promise of genomic and nutraceutical personalization. Future work should use preregistered, adequately powered multimodal trials to establish durable, scalable pathways for CKM care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

18 pages, 347 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effect of Intradialytic Exercise on Cognition in Renal Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: An Updated Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Andreas Mavrommatis, Nicos Mitsides, Myrtani Pieri, Eleni P. Andreou, Giorgos K. Sakkas, Kyproula Dimitriou, Michalis Spartalis, Maria Arsali, Themis Christofi, Theophanis Theophanous, Bettina Wollesen, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou and Christoforos D. Giannaki

Healthcare 2025, 13(23), 3016; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13233016 - 21 Nov 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1669

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Hemodialysis patients are disproportionately affected by impaired cognitive function in comparison to the general population. This systematic review aims to update and expand the current evidence regarding the effects of IET interventions on global cognition and specific cognitive domains, such as executive function, processing speed, and attention. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO) from database inception to 24 August 2025 for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of intradialytic exercise training on cognitive function, using combinations of the following search terms: hemodialysis, dialysis, dialy*, physical exercise, physical activity, exercise, activity, activit*, cognition, cognitive, and cognit*. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and methodological quality using the Jadad Scale and NHLBI tools. Results: Seven studies were included in this review, encompassing (n = 332; 60.4% male) hemodialysis patients aged from 48 to 74.9 years. In comparison to standard care, IET significantly improved global cognition and specific cognitive domains. Regarding global cognitive function, interventions regardless of exercise type, which were performed thrice weekly over 12 to 16 weeks, significantly improved scores in (n = 4; 57%) studies using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and in (n = 1; 14%) study using the Mini Mental State Examination. Regarding specific cognitive domains, aerobic exercise performed thrice weekly for 12 weeks were associated with statistically significant improvements in the following: executive function scores (n = 2; 29%), studied using the Trail Making Test (TMT) Part-B and TMTB-A; psychomotor processing speed (n = 1; 14%), studied using TMT-A and Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT); and alertness (n = 1; 14%), studied using the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) test. Conclusions: The collective evidence confers that IET is an effective intervention that may moderately improve global and domain-specific cognitive function or, at the very least, serve in a protective capacity to stem potential future cognitive decline in this population. However, further large-scale randomized controlled trials that place emphasis on standardized reporting of exercise intervention characteristics and cognitive outcome measures are necessary to inform clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

43 pages, 2146 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effects of Concurrent Training Versus Aerobic or Resistance Training Alone on Body Composition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Mousa Khalafi, Shokoufeh Kheradmand, Aref Habibi Maleki, Michael E. Symonds, Sara K. Rosenkranz and Alexios Batrakoulis

Healthcare 2025, 13(7), 776; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13070776 - 31 Mar 2025

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 33771

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: The beneficial effects of aerobic training (AT) on preventing excess fat mass, and of resistance training (RT) on skeletal muscle adaptation, are well established. However, the effects of concurrent training (CT) compared to AT or RT alone on body composition in middle-aged and older adults are less understood, and therefore, the focus of this meta-analysis. Methods: Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched from inception to March 2024. Randomized trials were included if they compared CT versus either AT or RT, and included body composition measures such as fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference, visceral fat mass, lean body mass (LBM), muscle mass/volume, or muscle or muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), in middle-aged (50 to <65 years) and older adults (≥65 years). Weighted mean differences (WMD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. Results: A total of 53 studies involving 2873 participants were included. Overall, CT increased body weight and LBM significantly more, trending toward significantly larger increases in muscle mass and CSA, compared with AT alone. However, there were no significant differences between CT and RT alone, for body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, fat mass, waist circumference, or visceral fat mass. Conclusions: CT is as effective as AT for decreasing body fat measures and as effective as RT for increasing muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults, and it should be recommended accordingly. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2330 KB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effects of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Mousa Khalafi, Farnaz Dinizadeh, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Michael E. Symonds and Saeid Fatolahi

Healthcare 2025, 13(3), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030246 - 26 Jan 2025

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5676

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of exercise training on body composition and cardiometabolic health in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Method: A search in three main databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus was conducted from the inception of this review until June 2024 to identify randomized control trials investigating the effects of exercise training compared to a control on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with T1D. The data were pooled using random effects models to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs), standardized mean differences (SMDs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 25 studies involving 1120 patients with T1D were included in the meta-analysis. Exercise training decreased body mass index (BMI) [WMD: −0.18 kg.m², p = 0.02], fasting glucose [WMD: −14.97 mg/dl, p = 0.01], and HbA1c [WMD: −0.49%, p = 0.003], and increased VO_2max/peak [WMD: 2.76 mL/kg/min, p = 0.001] as compared with controls. Exercise training had no effect on body fat percentage or lean body mass, lipid profiles, or blood pressure. Subgroup analysis indicated that age, exercise mode, and intervention duration were the main moderators for the beneficial effects of exercise training. Conclusions: In patients with T1D, exercise training is effective for decreasing body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Psychophysiological Responses to Physical Activity, Exercise and/or Nutrition Interventions in Individuals with Cardiometabolic Health Impairments

Share This Special Issue

Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (10 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI