Advances in Oil Structuring

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2022) | Viewed by 11120

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
Interests: oil gelation; bigels; food science; structural functionality; material characterization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
Interests: food science; packaging; biopolymers; oleogels; controlled delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
Interests: oleogel; oleofoam; emulsion gel; fat crystallization and structure; healthy lipid product development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gels’ structural features result from the development of a gelator network and the large amount of solvent enclosed in it. Gelation techniques have been used for oil structuring reasons, allowing the development of diverse oleogel or organogel systems, with a multitude of colloidal architectures (e.g., crystalline networks, self-assembled conformations, or polymeric complexes). Different types of edible oils can be used in the making of these semi-solid materials, overcoming the natural limitations attributed to their use in the liquid form, thus expanding their applicability. Applications such as texture modifiers and fat replacers in foods, or drug delivery functions, are among the most interesting functions. The core of oil gelation consists of a physical process of oil entrapment through the formation of a three-dimensional gelator network, which under certain environmental circumstances builds viscoelastic self-standing thermo-reversible structures. The ability to expand this principle toward the formation of solid-like bigels or structured emulsions has gained interest in the last few years. These colloidal gel-in-gel structures can be developed through the combination of hydrogelation and oleogelation techniques, promoting the individual stabilization of two immiscible liquid phases. The capacity to deliver simultaneously hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactives and the increased compatibility with water-based products embody important features worthy of greater investigation.

Our aim with this Special Issue is to provide researchers with an opportunity to present the latest works and new developments considering the production of oleogels and bigels, converging the most prevalent characterization techniques and also their applicability, e.g., their use as fat mimetics. Special focus will be given to the production practices, materials, and gelation mechanisms, as well as the delivery of bioactives through food, cosmetic, and pharmaceuticals.

Dr. Artur J. Martins
Dr. Miguel A. Cerqueira
Dr. Zong Meng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Delivery of bioactives
  • Oil structuring
  • Oleogels
  • Bigels
  • Food
  • Cosmetics
  • Texture

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2053 KiB  
Article
Food-Grade Bigels with Potential to Replace Saturated and Trans Fats in Cookies
by Marcela Quilaqueo, Nicole Iturra, Ingrid Contardo, Sonia Millao, Eduardo Morales and Mónica Rubilar
Gels 2022, 8(7), 445; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070445 - 17 Jul 2022
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 2505
Abstract
Fats play multiple roles in determining the desirable characteristics of foods. However, there are health concerns about saturated and trans fats. Bigels have been proposed as a novel fat replacer in foods. This research evaluated the role of the type of hydrogel in [...] Read more.
Fats play multiple roles in determining the desirable characteristics of foods. However, there are health concerns about saturated and trans fats. Bigels have been proposed as a novel fat replacer in foods. This research evaluated the role of the type of hydrogel in the development of bigels to be used as fat replacers in cookies. Bigels were made with beeswax/canola oil oleogel and sodium alginate and carboxymethylcellulose hydrogels. The results showed that the peroxide value and binding capacity of bigels were affected by the type of hydrogel used. However, their fatty acid profile, p-anisidine value, oxidative stability, and texture remained unchanged. Using bigels as fat replacers, cookies were obtained with a hardness similar to those with original shortening, showing the potential of bigels for use in foods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oil Structuring)
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14 pages, 7449 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Structural Behavior in the Process Dynamics of Oleogel-Based Tender Dough Products
by Anda E. Tanislav, Andreea Pușcaș, Adriana Păucean, Andruța E. Mureșan, Cristina A. Semeniuc, Vlad Mureșan and Elena Mudura
Gels 2022, 8(5), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8050317 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2797
Abstract
The current trend is represented by replacing solid fats with structured liquid oil while maintaining the plastic properties of food products. In this study, the behavior of refined sunflower oil structured with various agents (carnauba wax-CRW, β-sitosterol:beeswax-BS:BW, β-sitosterol:lecithin-BS:LEC, and glycerol monostearate-GM) [...] Read more.
The current trend is represented by replacing solid fats with structured liquid oil while maintaining the plastic properties of food products. In this study, the behavior of refined sunflower oil structured with various agents (carnauba wax-CRW, β-sitosterol:beeswax-BS:BW, β-sitosterol:lecithin-BS:LEC, and glycerol monostearate-GM) was evaluated in the process dynamics of oleogel-based tender dough products. The oleogel with the mixture of β-sitosterol:beeswax (OG_BS:BW) displayed the highest capacity to retain oil inside the matrix with a percentage of oil loss as low as 0.05% and also had a significantly higher hardness (6.37 N) than the reference, a commercial margarine (MR—3.58 N). During cooling from 90 to 4 °C, the increase in oleogel’ viscosity results from oleogelator’s liquid–solid phase transition. As demonstrated by the frequency sweeps performed, storage modulus G′ was higher than loss modulus G″, no cross-over points were observed, and the strongest gel network was for the oleogel with glycerol monostearate (OG_GM). Regarding the dough, the sample prepared using the oleogel with carnauba wax (D_CRW) showed the strongest hardness (92.49 N) compared to the reference (D_MR—21.80 N). All the oleogel-containing doughs had elastic solid-like behavior. The samples with margarine (D_MR) and the mixture of β-sitosterol:lecithin (D_BS:LEC) presented the lowest value of both moduli of G’ and G” during the frequency sweep. The biscuits formulated with commercial margarine (B_MR) registered a hardness of 28.74 N. Samples with oleogels showed a specific tenderness for tender dough products, thus being suitable for this type of product (11.22–20.97 N). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oil Structuring)
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17 pages, 3360 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Edible Oils’ Composition on the Properties of Beeswax-Based Oleogels
by Yuliya Frolova, Varuzhan Sarkisyan, Roman Sobolev, Mariia Makarenko, Michael Semin and Alla Kochetkova
Gels 2022, 8(1), 48; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8010048 - 09 Jan 2022
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3323
Abstract
This study aimed to find relationships between the properties of beeswax-based oleogels and the type of oil used. The influence of linseed, sunflower, olive, and fish oils was studied. For these oils, the fatty acid composition, the content of total polar components, and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to find relationships between the properties of beeswax-based oleogels and the type of oil used. The influence of linseed, sunflower, olive, and fish oils was studied. For these oils, the fatty acid composition, the content of total polar components, and the iodine value were characterized. Textural and thermodynamic properties were determined for oleogels, the oil-binding capacity was estimated, and the morphology of crystals was studied. The concentration of beeswax in all oleogels was 6.0% w/w. It was shown that the type of oil has a significant influence on all characteristics of the oleogels. The use of different oils at the same technological treatment leads to the formation of crystals of diverse morphology—from platelets to spherulites. At the same time, it was revealed that some characteristics of oils have a varying contribution to the properties of oleogels. The content of total polar materials in oils is associated with a decrease in strength parameters (yield value and elastic modulus) and the oil-binding capacity of oleogels. In its turn, the iodine value of oils has a close positive correlation with the melting and crystallization temperatures of oleogels. The results obtained in this article indicate that the properties of beeswax-based oleogels can be directed by changing the oil composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oil Structuring)
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12 pages, 23556 KiB  
Article
A Study of the Quantitative Relationship between Yield Strength and Crystal Size Distribution of Beeswax Oleogels
by Varuzhan Sarkisyan, Roman Sobolev, Yuliya Frolova, Irina Vorobiova and Alla Kochetkova
Gels 2022, 8(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8010039 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1655
Abstract
Beeswax and beeswax hydrocarbon-based oleogels were studied to evaluate the quantitative relationship between their yield strength and crystal size distribution. With this aim, oleogels were prepared using four different cooling regimes to obtain different crystal size distributions. The microstructure was evaluated by polarized [...] Read more.
Beeswax and beeswax hydrocarbon-based oleogels were studied to evaluate the quantitative relationship between their yield strength and crystal size distribution. With this aim, oleogels were prepared using four different cooling regimes to obtain different crystal size distributions. The microstructure was evaluated by polarized light microscopy. The yield strength is measured by the cone penetration test. Oleogels were characterized by average grain size, microstructure entropy, grain boundary energy per unit volume, and microstructure temperature. We have provided the theoretical basis for interpreting the microstructure and evaluating the microstructure-based hardening of oleogels. It is shown that the microstructure entropy might be used to predict the yield strength of oleogels by the Hall-Petch relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Oil Structuring)
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