Functionality of Oleogels and Bigels in Foods

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 5688

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: lipid structuring; oleogels; hybrid gels–bigels; meat science and technology; osmotic dehydration; mass transfer phenomena; shelf life determination
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is growing consumer awareness regarding the connection between nutrition and health; therefore, consumers have become increasingly interested in food products that are perceived to be healthier. Such choices may include limiting the consumption of animal, saturated, and trans fats, and consuming foods rich in nutraceuticals or other bioactive compounds (vitamins, antioxidants, etc.); however, there are many challenges regarding this topic. For example, many nutraceuticals have a low water solubility and bioavailability, which can lead to undesirable nutritional performance. Additionally, many bioactive compounds are susceptible to oxidation and degradation, especially during food processing.

Oleogels, a form of thermoreversible, semi-solid, and structured lipids, are proven to be an effective strategy for delivering nutraceuticals and satisfying consumers’ demand for nutritional and modern food. Thus, research on oleogels in the field of food science has increased rapidly during the past few years.

Oleogel-based systems may include oleogel emulsions and hybrid gels formulated by the combination of an oleogel and a hydrogel. Developing oleogel-based systems with which to deliver nutraceuticals or other bioactive compounds is also a potential strategy for improving the nutritional profile of modern food. Applications may include simultaneously loading hydrophilic and lipophilic bioactive compounds in foods, improving the dispersion of nutraceuticals, and increasing the bioavailability of such compounds. Due to their multiple advantages, oleogel-based systems have recently gained widespread attention in modern foods.

Oleogels and oleogel-based systems can also meet consumers’ demands for healthier foods. For example, these systems can be used as substitutes for saturated fat and hydrogenated oils, thus reducing the amount of saturated and trans fatty acids in food. In this regard, oleogels and oleogel-based systems not only satisfy the sensory characteristics of food but also help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

To date, various oleogels and oleogel-based systems have been devised to satisfy consumers’ demands regarding nutrition and health. However, there are many unsolved technical issues that hinder their industrial application. Considering that oleogels and oleogel-based systems are so intriguing and significant in the field of food science, this Special Issue was devised to improve our understanding of oleogels and oleogel-based systems. All articles related to meeting consumers’ demands for nutritional and healthy modern foods utilizing oleogels and oleogel-based systems are most welcome.

Dr. Eugenios Katsanidis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oleogels
  • hybrid gels
  • bigels
  • structured lipids
  • oleogel-based systems
  • rheology
  • gel structures
  • nutraceutical delivery
  • fat replacer
  • fatty acids
  • metabolism

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3948 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Oxidative Stability of Beeswax–Canola Oleogels: Effects of Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol on Their Physical and Chemical Properties
by Sonia Millao, Marcela Quilaqueo, Ingrid Contardo and Mónica Rubilar
Gels 2025, 11(1), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels11010043 - 7 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 687
Abstract
The choice of antioxidant to be used in the formulation of an oleogel is crucial to determine its oxidative stability and functionality, as these factors can also affect the physical, chemical, and rheological properties of the oleogel. In this study, the effect of [...] Read more.
The choice of antioxidant to be used in the formulation of an oleogel is crucial to determine its oxidative stability and functionality, as these factors can also affect the physical, chemical, and rheological properties of the oleogel. In this study, the effect of two antioxidants (ascorbic acid, AA, and alpha-tocopherol, AT) and their concentration (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03%) on the physical and chemical properties of beeswax and canola oil oleogels were evaluated. The results show that the type and concentration of antioxidants did not affect the thermal properties of the samples, and in FTIR analyses, no noticeable changes in spectra patterns are observed. Rheological analyses showed that the oleogels containing AA exhibited higher elasticity and resistance to deformation. Accelerated oxidative stability tests (storage at 50 °C and the Rancimat test) showed that AA effectively delayed oxidation. The induction time increased by 2.61-fold at higher concentrations, while AT did not significantly affect oxidation resistance. Overall, it was observed that AA improved oleogel firmness and OBC (up to 1.75-fold and 2.8%, respectively), whereas AT resulted in a softer and less stable gel structure. These results show the importance of antioxidant selection, indicating that hydrophilic antioxidants have promising applications in the formulation of beeswax oleogels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionality of Oleogels and Bigels in Foods)
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20 pages, 6207 KiB  
Article
Egg White-Based Gels with Candelilla Wax: A Study of Rheological, Mechanical, Calorimetric and Microstructural Properties
by Iram Cisneros-García, Ma. de la Paz Salgado-Cruz, Alitzel B. García-Hernández, Gustavo F. Gutiérrez-López, Humberto Hernández-Sánchez, Brenda H. Camacho-Díaz and Liliana Alamilla-Beltrán
Gels 2024, 10(11), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10110733 - 13 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1269
Abstract
Bigels (BGs) are innovative composite systems that integrate oleogel and hydrogel structures, and are gaining increasing attention for their unique textural and functional properties in food applications. This study evaluated the rheological and mechanical properties of egg white-based bigels incorporating candelilla wax (CW) [...] Read more.
Bigels (BGs) are innovative composite systems that integrate oleogel and hydrogel structures, and are gaining increasing attention for their unique textural and functional properties in food applications. This study evaluated the rheological and mechanical properties of egg white-based bigels incorporating candelilla wax (CW) as an oleogelator. The results indicate that different egg white protein (EWP) (5–10%) concentrations and hydrogel-to-oleogel ratios (20:80 to 80:20) significantly influenced the structural and functional properties of the bigels. Compression testing revealed no significant differences in strength across the tested range; however, higher EWP concentrations enhanced the stability of the BGs. Furthermore, increased candelilla wax oleogel (CWO) content (60%) markedly improved emulsion stability, resulting in superior strength, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. Rheological studies demonstrated shear-thinning behavior, particularly at higher hydrogel content related to the oleogel (W/O), which exhibited the highest yield stress. Microstructural investigations confirmed the presence of a continuous oleogel phase within the bigels (W/O) and revealed the formation of a complex structure. These findings suggest that a reduced hydrogel-to-oleogel ratio can be utilized across various food systems, opening new possibilities for creating customized food structures with desirable textural and functional attributes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionality of Oleogels and Bigels in Foods)
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17 pages, 13462 KiB  
Article
Microstructure, Physical Properties, and Oxidative Stability of Olive Oil Oleogels Composed of Sunflower Wax and Monoglycerides
by Dafni Dimakopoulou-Papazoglou, Konstantina Zampouni, Prodromos Prodromidis, Thomas Moschakis and Eugenios Katsanidis
Gels 2024, 10(3), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10030195 - 13 Mar 2024
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3191
Abstract
The utilization of natural waxes to form oleogels has emerged as a new and efficient technique for structuring liquid edible oil into solid-like structures for diverse food applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between sunflower wax (SW) and [...] Read more.
The utilization of natural waxes to form oleogels has emerged as a new and efficient technique for structuring liquid edible oil into solid-like structures for diverse food applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction between sunflower wax (SW) and monoglycerides (MGs) in olive oil oleogels and assess their physical characteristics and storage stability. To achieve this, pure SW and a combination of SW with MGs in a 1:1 ratio were examined within a total concentration range of 6–12% w/w. The formed oleogels were characterized based on their microstructure, melting and crystallization properties, textural characteristics, and oxidative stability during storage. All the oleogels were self-standing, and, as the concentration increased, the hardness of the oleogels also increased. The crystals of SW oleogels were long needle-like, while the combination of SW and MGs led to the formation of crystal aggregates and rosette-like crystals. Differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR showed that the addition of MGs led to different crystal structures. The oxidation results revealed that oleogels had low peroxide and TBARS values throughout the 28-day storage period. These results provide useful insights about the utilization of SW and MGs oleogels for potential applications in the food industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functionality of Oleogels and Bigels in Foods)
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