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Gels
Special Issues
Designing Gels for Antibacterial Agents
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Designing Gels for Antibacterial Agents

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 5960

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jianhao Wang

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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: antimicrobial hydrogel; drug delivery for infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Yongqiang Li

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Guest Editor
Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
Interests: antimicrobial hydrogel; nanozyme; nanobiosensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cheng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: lipid nanoparticles; drug delivery; biomaterials; nanomedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Kun Lei

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Guest Editor
College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 263 Kaiyuan Avenue, Luoyang 471023, China
Interests: smart hydrogel dressing; antibacterial hydrogel

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bacterial infection is a worldwide health issue which is of growing concern. The emergence of drug resistance among different bacteria also poses a great challenge for bacterial infection management. Therefore, determining how to effectively deliver antibacterial agents is of importance and is also one of the frontier scientific research fields. Hydrogel represents a kind of polymer-based material which can hold large amounts of water in its three-dimensional networks. In recent years, the development of multifunctional hydrogel for the delivery of different drugs, especially antibacterial agents, has become an important part of this research trend, with fruitful and exciting results. However, there are still many challenges to solve in this way, which requires further attention from the scientific community.

Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue is to introduce recent advances in the design of gels for antibacterial agents. We aim to offer readers with insights into frontier developments in this field by presenting select high-quality studies. This Special Issue will feature recent advances in the design of gels for the delivery of antibacterial agents to provide a better performance. Manuscripts that present the joint application of hydrogels with other materials, the application of novel multifunctional hydrogels with advanced delivery effects, or new design principles in hydrogel preparation are especially welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jianhao Wang
Prof. Dr. Yongqiang Li
Dr. Cheng Wang
Dr. Kun Lei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogel
  • antibacterial
  • drug delivery
  • multifunctional
  • design principle
  • biomaterials

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4110 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Citral Oleogel and Antimicrobial Properties
by Shangjian Li, Jiajia Chen, Yuntong Liu, Honghao Qiu, Wei Gao, Kundian Che, Baogang Zhou, Ran Liu and Wenzhong Hu
Gels 2023, 9(12), 930; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9120930 - 25 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1233
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze a natural and safe oleogel with antimicrobial properties that can replace animal fats while lengthening the product’s shelf life. The oleogel was created using direct dispersion (MG-SO), and its material characterization exhibited the exceptional performance [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to analyze a natural and safe oleogel with antimicrobial properties that can replace animal fats while lengthening the product’s shelf life. The oleogel was created using direct dispersion (MG-SO), and its material characterization exhibited the exceptional performance of the hybrid gelant. Additionally, citral was integrated into the oil gel to prepare the citral oleogel (MG-SO). The antimicrobial nature of the material was examined and the findings revealed that it inhibited the growth of various experimental model bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, and Rhizopus stolonifer. In addition, the material had a comparable inhibitory impact on airborne microorganisms. Lastly, MG-SON was utilized in plant-based meat patties and demonstrated an ability to significantly reduce the growth rate of microorganisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Gels for Antibacterial Agents)
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22 pages, 5096 KiB  
Article
Formulation Development, Optimization by Box–Behnken Design, and In Vitro and Ex Vivo Characterization of Hexatriacontane-Loaded Transethosomal Gel for Antimicrobial Treatment for Skin Infections
by Alhussain H. Aodah, Sana Hashmi, Naseem Akhtar, Zabih Ullah, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Randa Mohammed Zaki, Shamshir Khan, Mohammad Javed Ansari, Talha Jawaid, Aftab Alam and Md Sajid Ali
Gels 2023, 9(4), 322; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040322 - 11 Apr 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2277
Abstract
There are many different infections and factors that can lead to skin illnesses, but bacteria and fungi are the most frequent. The goal of this study was to develop a hexatriacontane-loaded transethosome (HTC-TES) for treating skin conditions caused by microbes. The HTC-TES was [...] Read more.
There are many different infections and factors that can lead to skin illnesses, but bacteria and fungi are the most frequent. The goal of this study was to develop a hexatriacontane-loaded transethosome (HTC-TES) for treating skin conditions caused by microbes. The HTC-TES was developed utilizing the rotary evaporator technique, and Box–Behnken design (BBD) was utilized to improve it. The responses chosen were particle size (nm) (Y1), polydispersity index (PDI) (Y2), and entrapment efficiency (Y3), while the independent variables chosen were lipoid (mg) (A), ethanol (%) (B), and sodium cholate (mg) (C). The optimized TES formulation with code F1, which contains lipoid (mg) (A) 90, ethanol (%) (B) 25, and sodium cholate (mg) (C) 10, was chosen. Furthermore, the generated HTC-TES was used for research on confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dermatokinetics, and in vitro HTC release. The results of the study reveal that the ideal formulation of the HTC-loaded TES had the following characteristics: 183.9 nm, 0.262 mV, −26.61 mV, and 87.79% particle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency, respectively. An in vitro study on HTC release found that the rates of HTC release for HTC-TES and conventional HTC suspension were 74.67 ± 0.22 and 38.75 ± 0.23, respectively. The release of hexatriacontane from TES fit the Higuchi model the best, and the Korsmeyer–Peppas model indicates the release of HTC followed a non-Fickian diffusion. By having a higher negative value for cohesiveness, the produced gel formulation demonstrated its stiffness, whereas good spreadability indicated better gel application to the surface. In a dermatokinetics study, it was discovered that TES gel considerably increased HTC transport in the epidermal layers (p < 0.05) when compared to HTC conventional formulation gel (HTC-CFG). The CLSM of rat skin treated with the rhodamine B-loaded TES formulation demonstrated a deeper penetration of 30.0 µm in comparison to the hydroalcoholic rhodamine B solution (0.15 µm). The HTC-loaded transethosome was determined to be an effective inhibitor of pathogenic bacterial growth (S. aureus and E. coli) at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. It was discovered that both pathogenic strains were susceptible to free HTC. According to the findings, HTC-TES gel can be employed to enhance therapeutic outcomes through antimicrobial activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Gels for Antibacterial Agents)
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19 pages, 3868 KiB  
Article
Development and Optimization of Erythromycin Loaded Transethosomes Cinnamon Oil Based Emulgel for Antimicrobial Efficiency
by Marwa H. Abdallah, Hanaa A. Elghamry, Nasrin E. Khalifa, Weam M. A. Khojali, El-Sayed Khafagy, Seham Shawky, Hemat El-Sayed El-Horany and Shaimaa El-Housiny
Gels 2023, 9(2), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9020137 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
Erythromycin (EM) is a macrolide antibiotic that is frequently used to treat skin bacterial infections. It has a short half-life (1–1.5 h), instability in stomach pH, and a low oral bioavailability. These foregoing factors limit its oral application; therefore, the development of topical [...] Read more.
Erythromycin (EM) is a macrolide antibiotic that is frequently used to treat skin bacterial infections. It has a short half-life (1–1.5 h), instability in stomach pH, and a low oral bioavailability. These foregoing factors limit its oral application; therefore, the development of topical formulations loaded with erythromycin is an essential point to maximize the drug’s concentration at the skin. Accordingly, the current study’s goal was to boost the antimicrobial activity of EM by utilizing the advantages of natural oils such as cinnamon oil. Erythromycin-loaded transethosomes (EM-TE) were generated and optimized using a Box–Behnken design employing, phospholipid concentration (A), surfactant concentration (B), and ethanol content (C) as independent variables. Their effects on entrapment efficiency, EE, (Y1) and the total amount of erythromycin that penetrated the skin after 6 h, Q6h (Y2), were assessed. The optimized transethosome showed a particle size of 256.2 nm, EE of 67.96 ± 0.59%, and Q6h of 665.96 ± 5.87 (µg/cm2) after 6 h. The TEM analysis revealed that, the vesicles are well-known packed structures with a spherical shape. The optimized transethosomes formulation was further transformed into a cinnamon oil-based emulgel system using HPMC as a gelling agent. The generated EM-TE-emulgel was characterized by its physical features, in vitro, ex vivo studies, and antimicrobial activities. The formulation showed sufficient characteristics for effective topical application, and demonstrated a great stability. Additionally, EM-TE-Emulgel had the highest transdermal flux (120.19 μg/cm2·h), and showed considerably (p < 0.05) greater antimicrobial activity, than EM-TE-gel and placebo TE-Emulgel. The action of EM was subsequently augmented with cinnamon oil, which eventually showed a notable effect against bacterial growth. Finally, these results demonstrate that the transethosomes-loaded cinnamon oil-based emulgel is an alternative way to deliver erythromycin for the treatment of topical bacterial infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Gels for Antibacterial Agents)
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