Machine Learning and Computational Methods for Smart Healthcare Applications

A special issue of Future Internet (ISSN 1999-5903). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart System Infrastructure and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2026 | Viewed by 766

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: intelligent systems; artificial intelligence; machine learning; intelligent agents; multiple knowledge representations; AI and cognitive sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: software and system testing; diagnosis; artificial intelligence; robotics; debugging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming medicine and healthcare by enabling advanced understanding, reasoning, and generation of medical knowledge from heterogeneous data sources. After decades of incremental progress in medical AI, recent breakthroughs in LLMs have made the long-promised revolution in medical services technically feasible, supporting scalable, adaptive, and knowledge-intensive healthcare solutions.

This Special Issue will focus on LLM-centered approaches to smart healthcare, emphasizing methods, systems, and infrastructures that translate or promise to translate recent advances into practical medical applications. At the same time, contributions based on other AI and ML approaches are also welcome. We invite submissions addressing novel architectures, training and adaptation strategies, multimodal integration, clinical decision support, patient-facing systems, and human-in-the-loop designs. In addition to foundational research, papers presenting novel applications, system deployments, and practical experience from real-world uses of novel AI approaches are encouraged. Particular attention will be given to safety, interpretability, robustness, ethical use, and regulatory alignment, which are essential in medical deployment.

This Special Issue will present state-of-the-art research and validated systems demonstrating how LLMs, together with broader AI and ML techniques, can fundamentally improve diagnostics, treatment planning, healthcare workflows, and patient outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Matjaz Gams
Prof. Dr. Franz Wotawa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • large language models in healthcare
  • artificial intelligence in medicine
  • machine learning for smart healthcare
  • clinical decision support systems
  • multimodal medical data integration
  • intelligent healthcare systems
  • human-in-the-loop medical AI
  • explainable and trustworthy AI
  • digital health infrastructure

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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23 pages, 1463 KB  
Article
Multi-Agent Readiness Scoring Methodology in Bioinformatics Domain
by Blagojche Gjorgjioski, Djansel Bukovec, Ivana Vichentijevikj, Ivan Kitanovski, Kostadin Mishev and Monika Simjanoska Misheva
Future Internet 2026, 18(8), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/fi18080409 - 2 Aug 2026
Viewed by 287
Abstract
The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced computational biology, yet their integration into autonomous, multi-agent systems (MASs) and clinical workflows remains challenging due to systemic architectural fragmentation. To quantify the operational readiness and regulatory compliance of bioinformatics LLMs, we developed [...] Read more.
The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced computational biology, yet their integration into autonomous, multi-agent systems (MASs) and clinical workflows remains challenging due to systemic architectural fragmentation. To quantify the operational readiness and regulatory compliance of bioinformatics LLMs, we developed the Multi-Agent Readiness Score (MARS), a standardized evaluation framework assessing models across four structural dimensions: Governance & Accessibility, Biological Competence, Technical Maturity, and Agentic Orchestration. The framework incorporates compliance criteria from the EU AI Act, HL7 FHIR, HL7 CDA, and MyHealth@EU standards. To empirically validate this domain-agnostic methodology, we applied it to a highly mature subset of the field: a diverse cohort of 43 prominent genomic LLMs. Our assessment revealed a severe, industry-wide readiness gap: the majority of models fell into “Not Suitable” or “Research Prototype” tiers, lacking essential technical interfaces, structured communication schemas, and provenance tracking. Furthermore, the data demonstrated a ’competence-readiness gap’, where models scale in biological predictive competence without corresponding improvements in engineering utility. The primary barrier to scalable bioinformatics AI is no longer biological competence, but operational and architectural incompatibility. By quantifying integration friction, MARS provides a crucial, reproducible metric to audit model maturity, guide system architecture, and ensure future models are structurally prepared for the rigorous regulatory demands of precision medicine workflows. Full article
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