Wildfire Behavior and the Effects of Climate Change in Forests

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Hazards and Risk Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2025 | Viewed by 537

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Coimbra Polytechnic—ISEC, Rua Pedro Nunes, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, ADAI, Rua Luís Reis Santos, Pólo II, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: forest fires; fire safety; heat transfer; energy efficiency; renewable energies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ci2—Smart Cities Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Tomar (Abrantes Higher School of Technology), 2300-313 Tomar, Portugal
Interests: forest fires; merging fires; fire safety; fire technology; asset maintenance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forest fires are one of the main disasters that devastate many countries every year, and the destruction caused by these phenomena generates impacts at several levels, whether social (by putting at risk the lives of the population) or economic (through the destruction of a wide range of infrastructure and essential goods or the environment). Climate change causes droughts and changes in fire regimes, increasing the frequency and magnitude of extreme forest fires. The impact of climate change on wildfire activity shows that fire severity and the area burned will increase dramatically in the near future, causing significant environmental, human, and economic losses if adaptation measures are not implemented. On the other hand, it is important to recognize the importance and necessity of fire in a healthy and balanced ecosystem. Since ancient times, fire has been a constant presence in forests and, when manifested in a balanced manner within the ecosystem, it acts as a catalyst for forest renewal, promoting the growth of species adapted to its presence and that depend on it for their proliferation mechanisms. Additionally, fire can be used as a management tool, within prescribed limits, for the proper management of fuel loads and the creation of safety zones, thereby mitigating the possibility of devastating extreme fires. However, the use of fire as a management tool is not without its challenges. Climate change and changes in land use, among other factors, have altered fire regimes, leading to more frequent and intense fires. Therefore, it is essential to integrate scientific research, traditional knowledge, and adaptive management strategies. In this Special Issue we welcome contributions in the areas of wildfire behavior and the effects of climate change on wildfires and forests, including fire spread modeling, threats posed by extreme wildfires, fire exposure and risk analysis, fuel management strategies, forest ecology, post-fire recovery, fire preparedness, emergency management, and new technologies applied to ecosystems and fires. We encourage studies from all fields, including experimental or numerical models, experimental or field studies, real case studies, decision-making rules, and software tools.

Dr. Gilberto Vaz
Dr. Jorge R.N. Raposo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • forest fires
  • wildfire behavior
  • climate change
  • extreme wildfires
  • wildfire modeling
  • wildfire management
  • forest management
  • forest and fire technologies
  • forest landscape and fire data

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Other

17 pages, 36560 KiB  
Article
Comparative Calculation of Spectral Indices for Post-Fire Changes Using UAV Visible/Thermal Infrared and JL1 Imagery in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing, China
by Juncheng Zhu, Yijun Liu, Xiaocui Liang and Falin Liu
Forests 2025, 16(7), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071147 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 164
Abstract
This study used Jilin-1 satellite data and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-collected visible-thermal infrared imagery to calculate twelve spectral indices and evaluate their effectiveness in distinguishing post-fire forest areas and identifying human-altered land-cover changes in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing. The research goals included mapping wildfire [...] Read more.
This study used Jilin-1 satellite data and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-collected visible-thermal infrared imagery to calculate twelve spectral indices and evaluate their effectiveness in distinguishing post-fire forest areas and identifying human-altered land-cover changes in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing. The research goals included mapping wildfire impacts with M-statistic separability, measuring land-cover distinguishability through Jeffries–Matusita (JM) distance analysis, classifying land-cover types using the random forest (RF) algorithm, and verifying classification accuracy. Cumulative human disturbances—such as land clearing, replanting, and road construction—significantly blocked the natural recovery of burn scars, and during long-term human-assisted recovery periods over one year, the Red Green Blue Index (RGBI), Green Leaf Index (GLI), and Excess Green Index (EXG) showed high classification accuracy for six land-cover types: road, bare soil, deadwood, bamboo, broadleaf, and grass. Key accuracy measures showed producer accuracy (PA) > 0.8, user accuracy (UA) > 0.8, overall accuracy (OA) > 90%, and a kappa coefficient > 0.85. Validation results confirmed that visible-spectrum indices are good at distinguishing photosynthetic vegetation, thermal bands help identify artificial surfaces, and combined thermal-visible indices solve spectral confusion in deadwood recognition. Spectral indices provide high-precision quantitative evidence for monitoring post-fire land-cover changes, especially under human intervention, thus offering important data support for time-based modeling of post-fire forest recovery and improvement of ecological restoration plans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wildfire Behavior and the Effects of Climate Change in Forests)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Other

Jump to: Research

21 pages, 1404 KiB  
Project Report
Implementation Potential of the SILVANUS Project Outcomes for Wildfire Resilience and Sustainable Forest Management in the Slovak Republic
by Andrea Majlingova, Maros Sedliak and Yvonne Brodrechtova
Forests 2025, 16(7), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16071153 - 12 Jul 2025
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Wildfires are becoming an increasingly severe threat to European forests, driven by climate change, land use changes, and socio-economic factors. Integrated solutions for wildfire prevention, early detection, emergency management, and ecological restoration are urgently needed to enhance forest resilience. The Horizon 2020 SILVANUS [...] Read more.
Wildfires are becoming an increasingly severe threat to European forests, driven by climate change, land use changes, and socio-economic factors. Integrated solutions for wildfire prevention, early detection, emergency management, and ecological restoration are urgently needed to enhance forest resilience. The Horizon 2020 SILVANUS project developed a comprehensive multi-sectoral platform combining technological innovation, stakeholder engagement, and sustainable forest management strategies. This report analyses the Slovak Republic’s participation in SILVANUS, applying a seven-criterion fit–gap framework (governance, legal, interoperability, staff capacity, ecological suitability, financial feasibility, and stakeholder acceptance) to evaluate the platform’s alignment with national conditions. Notable contributions include stakeholder-supported functional requirements for wildfire prevention, climate-sensitive forest models for long-term adaptation planning, IoT- and UAV-based early fire detection technologies, and decision support systems (DSS) for emergency response and forest-restoration activities. The Slovak pilot sites, particularly in the Podpoľanie region, served as important testbeds for the validation of these tools under real-world conditions. All SILVANUS modules scored ≥12/14 in the fit–gap assessment; early deployment reduced high-risk fuel polygons by 23%, increased stand-level structural diversity by 12%, and raised the national Sustainable Forest Management index by four points. Integrating SILVANUS outcomes into national forestry practices would enable better wildfire risk assessment, improved resilience planning, and more effective public engagement in wildfire management. Opportunities for adoption include capacity-building initiatives, technological deployments in fire-prone areas, and the incorporation of DSS outputs into strategic forest planning. Potential challenges, such as technological investment costs, inter-agency coordination, and public acceptance, are also discussed. Overall, the Slovak Republic’s engagement with SILVANUS demonstrates the value of participatory, technology-driven approaches to sustainable wildfire management and offers a replicable model for other European regions facing similar challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wildfire Behavior and the Effects of Climate Change in Forests)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Back to TopTop