The Role of Forests in Carbon Cycles, Sequestration, and Storage

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Ecology and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 1268

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Forestry College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
Interests: forest carbon dynamics; soil organic carbon sequestration; climate change impacts on forest ecosystems; forest soil microbiomes; vegetation remote sensing
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Guest Editor
Forestry College, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
Interests: soil microbiology; soil carbon sequestration; forest soil fertility maintenance; forest soil nutrient cycling; soil ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forests play a critical role in the global carbon cycle, sequestering and storing large amounts of carbon in biomass and soil. As natural carbon sinks, forests contribute significantly to climate change mitigation while simultaneously providing ecological, economic, and social benefits. However, these values are increasingly under threat by disturbances, such as deforestation, wildfire, and extreme weather events that strike against the stability and resilience of the forests.

In forest soils, two major mechanisms contributing to long-term carbon stabilization and storage have been identified: the Microbial Carbon Pump (MCP) and Mineral-Associated Organic Carbon (MAOC). MCP focuses on the transformation of organic carbon through microbial processes into resistant forms, whereas MAOC is more about the interaction of organic carbon with soil minerals, thus ensuring its persistence. Both mechanisms are promising pathways toward better carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems and furthering the understanding of soil carbon dynamics.

Despite recent advances, major knowledge gaps exist on the drivers and processes that affect carbon sequestration by forests. Key questions include the following:

  • How do MCP and MAOC contribute to the persistence and stability of soil organic carbon over the long term?
  • How does plant litter and root exudates impact MCP and MAOC?
  • What is the impact of climate change, land-use change, and forest management practices on MCP and MAOC dynamics?
  • How are these stabilization mechanisms regulated by microbial diversity and soil mineral composition?

The goal of this Special Issue of Forests is to advance the scientific understanding of the role that forests play in carbon cycling, sequestration, and storage, with an emphasis on integrating emerging concepts such as MCP and MAOC. We encourage submissions on a range of topics including, but not limited to, the following:

  • Mechanisms of carbon sequestration in forest soils and biomass;
  • The role of MCP and MAOC in soil carbon stabilization;
  • Impact of plant litter and root exudates on MCP and MAOC;
  • Dynamics and long-term stabilization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in forest ecosystems;
  • Impacts of forest management practices on carbon sequestration and soil health;
  • Effects of climate change on forest carbon cycles;
  • Climate change mitigation strategies through enhanced forest carbon storage;
  • Long-term carbon storage trends during forest succession.

Through this Special Issue, we aim to foster a deeper understanding of how forests can be sustainably managed to maximize their carbon sequestration potential while maintaining ecosystem health.

Dr. Houxi Zhang
Dr. Lijun Chen
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • forest ecosystems
  • biogeochemical cycles
  • carbon sequestration
  • carbon cycle
  • soil organic carbon (SOC)
  • microbial carbon pump (MCP)
  • mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC)
  • dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
  • plant litter
  • root exudates
  • forest management
  • climate change

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2714 KB  
Article
Growth, Productivity, and Biomass–Carbon Allometry in Teak (Tectona grandis) Plantations of Western Mexico
by Bayron Alexander Ruiz-Blandon, Efrén Hernández-Alvarez, Tomás Martínez-Trinidad, Luiz Paulo Amaringo-Cordova, Tatiana Mildred Ucañay-Ayllon, Rosario Marilu Bernaola-Paucar, Gerardo Hernández-Plascencia and Edith Orellana-Mendoza
Forests 2025, 16(10), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16101521 - 27 Sep 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a leading tropical plantation species valued for high-quality timber and carbon (C) storage. This study assessed stand growth across ages and sites, quantified biomass and C by tree component and stand, and developed DBH-based allometric equations for [...] Read more.
Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is a leading tropical plantation species valued for high-quality timber and carbon (C) storage. This study assessed stand growth across ages and sites, quantified biomass and C by tree component and stand, and developed DBH-based allometric equations for biomass and C estimation. Six stand ages (5, 6, 9, 11, 14, and 17 years) were assessed in three municipalities of Nayarit, Mexico. Dendrometric inventories in permanent plots and destructive sampling of 35 trees provided calibration data for leaves, branches, stem, and roots. C concentration was determined with an elemental analyzer, and nonlinear regression models were adjusted and validated. Stand biomass and C increased with age, peaking at ages 11–14 (>130 Mg ha−1; >60 Mg C ha−1), with lower values at age 17. San Blas and Rosamorada accumulated significantly more than Tuxpan, reflecting site quality. C concentration was stable across sites and ages, with stem and roots consistently ranging between 48% and 50%, and leaves and branches averaging 45%–46%. Allometric equations were most accurate for stem and total biomass/C (R2 = 0.73–0.79), while foliage showed higher variability. On average, 60%–70% of biomass was allocated to the stem and 15%–20% to roots. Indicators were stable, with an aboveground-to-belowground ratio (A:B) ≈ 4.9 and a biomass expansion factor (BEF) ≈ 1.5. The current annual increment (CAI) presented two main peaks: ~20 Mg ha−1 yr−1 at ages 5–6 and ~11 Mg ha−1 yr−1 at ages 9–11, followed by a decline after age 14. Teak in western Mexico reaches peak productivity at ages 6–11, with belowground biomass essential for accurate C accounting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Forests in Carbon Cycles, Sequestration, and Storage)
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25 pages, 47559 KB  
Article
Dynamics and Driving Factors of Soil Carbon Fractions in Corethrodendron scoparium (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Fisch. & Basiner. Sand-Fixing Plantations at the South Edge of Tengger Desert, Northwestern China
by Linqi Shi, Quanlin Ma, Rui Ma, Linyuan Wei, Fang Cheng, Guohong Wu, Runjuan Wang and Qian Wei
Forests 2025, 16(9), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16091499 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 282
Abstract
Establishing artificial sand-fixing plantations is a key strategy for combating land desertification and enhancing soil carbon sequestration in arid regions. To evaluate the effects of Corethrodendron scoparium (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Fisch. & Basiner. plantations on soil carbon storage along the southern [...] Read more.
Establishing artificial sand-fixing plantations is a key strategy for combating land desertification and enhancing soil carbon sequestration in arid regions. To evaluate the effects of Corethrodendron scoparium (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Fisch. & Basiner. plantations on soil carbon storage along the southern edge of the Tengger Desert, a systematic investigation of the 0–100 cm soil profile was conducted, using mobile sand dunes as the control (CK). The study analyzed dynamic changes in soil carbon fractions and their driving factors during the succession of C. scoparium plantations. After 40 years of vegetation restoration, total soil carbon, soil inorganic carbon (SIC), and soil organic carbon (SOC) contents increased by 0.87-, 0.77-, and 1.27-fold, respectively, while the Carbon Pool Management Index improved by 1.40-fold. Following 10 years of restoration, SIC content, as well as the ratios of particulate organic carbon/SOC, inert organic carbon (IOC)/SOC, and heavy-fraction organic carbon/SOC, increased with soil depth. In contrast, SOC content, the absolute amounts of SOC fractions, and the ratios of dissolved organic carbon/SOC, easily oxidizable organic carbon/SOC, light-fraction organic carbon/SOC, and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC)/SOC all showed decreasing trends with depth. Overall, C. scoparium plantations enhanced the contents of both labile and stable SOC fractions. The proportions of IOC and MAOC within SOC rose from 52.21% and 34.19% to 60.96% and 45.51%, respectively, indicating greater stability of the soil carbon pool. Structural equation modeling and redundancy analysis revealed that soil pH, bulk density, and soil water content were significantly negatively correlated with carbon fractions, whereas total nitrogen, vegetation cover, C/N ratio, electrical conductivity, available phosphorus, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were identified as the main drivers of carbon fraction variation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Forests in Carbon Cycles, Sequestration, and Storage)
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