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Forests
Special Issues
Forest Gas Exchange and Carbon–Water Balance Under Climate Change
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Forest Gas Exchange and Carbon–Water Balance Under Climate Change

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Forest Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 April 2026 | Viewed by 729

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Dong Kook Woo

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
Interests: water resources; hydrology; non-point source pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yongwon Seo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
Interests: hydrological modeling; green roofs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Esther Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
Interests: forested wetlands; ecohydrological modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to contribute to the Special Issue titled “Forest Gas Exchange and Carbon–Water Balance Under Climate Change”. The goal of this Special Issue is to advance our understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems and forest communities. We aim to compile cutting-edge research that (i) examines the impacts of climate change on forest gas exchange and carbon–water balance and/or (ii) proposes adaptation and mitigation strategies to counteract the effects of climate change. Our objective is to inform policymakers, researchers, and conservationists, thereby guiding collective efforts to safeguard forest ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change. We encourage the submission of research papers based on various methodologies, including, but not limited to, field observations, laboratory experiments, statistical analyses, machine learning, and numerical modeling.

Dr. Dong Kook Woo
Dr. Yongwon Seo
Dr. Esther Lee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Forests is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • climate change
  • nitrogen
  • carbon
  • hydrology
  • forest management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 2526 KB  
Article
Contrasting Effects of Hydrothermal Drivers on Gross Primary Productivity and Ecosystem Respiration
by Wenjing Chen, Weirong Zhang, Qilin Zhu, Xinwei Guo, Jinling Zhang and Chuan Jin
Forests 2026, 17(2), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/f17020205 - 3 Feb 2026
Viewed by 462
Abstract
The balance between gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) defines an ecosystem’s carbon sink-source status. Under global warming, hydrothermal conditions critically shape carbon fluxes, yet their differential impacts on GPP and ER remain insufficiently understood, especially across biomes. Elucidating these differences [...] Read more.
The balance between gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) defines an ecosystem’s carbon sink-source status. Under global warming, hydrothermal conditions critically shape carbon fluxes, yet their differential impacts on GPP and ER remain insufficiently understood, especially across biomes. Elucidating these differences is essential for reducing uncertainties in terrestrial carbon cycle projections under ongoing climate change. Here, based on flux observations from global terrestrial sites with a focus on forest ecosystems, we selected mean annual temperature (MAT), latent heat flux (LH), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), soil water content (SWC), and annual precipitation as representative indicators of hydrothermal conditions, and employed mixed-effects models to examine how these key environmental drivers influence GPP and ER. After analyzing the fixed effects, LH and MAT promoted GPP more strongly than ER (slope = 0.5 > 0.253, slope = 0.595 > 0.392, respectively), whereas VPD suppressed GPP more than ER (slope = −0.658 < −0.499), yet accounted for a greater proportion of variance in ER than in GPP (R2 = 0.14 > 0.07). Although SWC had a significant (p < 0.001) positive effect on GPP, the effect size was minimal, and its impact on ER was insignificant. R2 decomposition showed that marginal R2 values were similar for the GPP and ER models (0.43 and 0.44), whereas the GPP model exhibited a substantially higher conditional R2 (0.82 vs. 0.63), indicating that MAT exerted a stronger influence on GPP than on ER across ecosystem types. The combined analysis of fixed and random effects indicated that MAT affected GPP more variably than ER across ecosystem types, with the strongest responses in mixed forests and savannas, intermediate responses in evergreen needleleaf forests, and the weakest responses in evergreen broadleaf forests. Overall, this study advances our understanding of how environmental factors differently influence GPP and ER, and incorporating these differences can improve predictions of forest carbon fluxes and climate-carbon feedbacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Gas Exchange and Carbon–Water Balance Under Climate Change)
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