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Fibers
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Advances in Glass Fibers
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Advances in Glass Fibers

A special issue of Fibers (ISSN 2079-6439).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2019) | Viewed by 34466

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Vladimír Čech

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, CZ-612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: thin films; plasma technology; surface modification; interface/interphase phenomena.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent development and wide-scale use of synthetic composites, particularly those containing fibers in a polymer matrix, has revolutionized materials usage and continues to accelerate. Composite materials may be selected to give unusual combinations of stiffness, strength, weight, high-temperature performance, corrosion resistance, hardness, or thermal and electrical conductivities. Weight reduction and corrosion resistance appear to be the most prominent current trends in the automotive industry, as well as in other industrial sectors such as construction, wind power, aerospace, and defense. It is generally accepted that fiber-reinforced composites are the most viable candidates for replacing structural steel and other metallic materials. An estimate of the total world market for composites is US$90 billion by 2020, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7% to 9%. This market is dominated by glass reinforcement (87%) in unsaturated polyester (UP) resin (63%), which together comprises about 60% of the total volume. The annual tonnage of glass reinforcements is estimated to be about 5 million tonnes. At present, however, the use of glass fibers is much wider.

The scope of this Special Issue on “Advances in Glass Fibers” will be on various aspects relating to glass fibers (rovings, short fibers, fabrics, and hybrid fibers), not only in Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC), and their properties (mechanical, thermal), along with surface modification of fibers, model simulations, and interface/interphase phenomena, but also in filtration, biomedical, and dental applications.

Prof. Vladimír Čech
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fibers is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (GFRP)
  • Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)
  • Glass fiber processing
  • Surface modification
  • Interface/interphase phenomena
  • Model simulation
  • Mechanical properties
  • Thermal properties
  • Filtration
  • Biomedical and dental applications.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 7754 KiB  
Article
Dissolution and Diffusion-Based Reactions within YBa2Cu3O7−x Glass Fibers
by Hanna Heyl, Shuo Yang, Daniel Homa, Carla Slebodnick, Anbo Wang and Gary Pickrell
Fibers 2020, 8(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib8010002 - 20 Dec 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4536
Abstract
This work presents a thorough identification and analysis of the dissolution and diffusion-based reaction processes that occur during the drawing of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) glass-clad fibers, using the molten-core approach, on a fiber draw tower in vacuum and in [...] Read more.
This work presents a thorough identification and analysis of the dissolution and diffusion-based reaction processes that occur during the drawing of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) glass-clad fibers, using the molten-core approach, on a fiber draw tower in vacuum and in oxygen atmospheres. The results identify the dissolution of the fused silica cladding and the subsequent diffusion of silicon and oxygen into the molten YBCO core. This leads to a phase separation due to a miscibility gap which occurs in the YBCO–SiO2 system. Due to this phase separation, silica-rich precipitations form upon quenching. XRD analyses reveal that the core of the vacuum as-drawn YBCO fiber is amorphous. Heat-treatments of the vacuum as-drawn fibers in the 800–1200 °C range show that cuprite crystallizes out of the amorphous matrix by 800 °C, followed by cristobalite by 900 °C. Heat-treatments at 1100 °C and 1200 °C lead to the formation of barium copper and yttrium barium silicates. These results provide a fundamental understanding of phase relations in the YBCO–SiO2 glass-clad system as well as indispensable insights covering general glass-clad fibers drawn using the molten-core approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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13 pages, 1732 KiB  
Article
An Aging Evaluation of the Bearing Performances of Glass Fiber Composite Laminate in Salt Spray Fog Environment
by Luigi Calabrese, Vincenzo Fiore, Paolo Giovanni Bruzzaniti, Tommaso Scalici and Antonino Valenza
Fibers 2019, 7(11), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7110096 - 31 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5573
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to assess the bearing performance evolution of pinned, glass-composite laminates due to environmental aging in salt-spray fog tests. Glass fibers/epoxy pinned laminates were exposed for up to 60 days in salt-spraying, foggy environmental conditions (according to [...] Read more.
The aim of the present paper is to assess the bearing performance evolution of pinned, glass-composite laminates due to environmental aging in salt-spray fog tests. Glass fibers/epoxy pinned laminates were exposed for up to 60 days in salt-spraying, foggy environmental conditions (according to ASTM B117 standard). In order to evaluate the relationship between mechanical failure mode and joint stability over increasing aging time, different single lap joints, measured by the changing hole diameter (D), laminate width (W) and hole free edge distance (E), were characterized at varying aging steps. Based on this approach, the property-structure relationship of glass-fibers/epoxy laminates was assessed under these critical environmental conditions. Furthermore, an experimental 2D failure map, clustering main failure modes in the plane E/D versus W/D ratios, was generated, and its cluster variation was analyzed at each degree of aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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11 pages, 2173 KiB  
Article
Effect of Nozzle Diameter on Basalt Continuous Fiber Properties
by Sergey I. Gutnikov and Bogdan I. Lazoryak
Fibers 2019, 7(7), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7070065 - 19 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6300
Abstract
The experimental data presented in this work show the effects of nozzle diameter, drawing speed, and formation temperature on the diameter and strength of basalt filaments and melt flow rate. Several series of basalt continuous fibers were obtained using a specially designed crucible [...] Read more.
The experimental data presented in this work show the effects of nozzle diameter, drawing speed, and formation temperature on the diameter and strength of basalt filaments and melt flow rate. Several series of basalt continuous fibers were obtained using a specially designed crucible of platinum–rhodium alloy with four nozzles of different diameters (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 mm). The conditions of the process varied in formation temperature (from 1370 to 1450 °C) and winding speed (from 300 to 1200 m/min). Melt flow rate was almost independent of the winding speed, indicating laminar flow of the melt through the nozzles and the Newtonian nature of the liquid. The results show strict correlations between fiber diameter, nozzle diameter, and winding speed. The diameter of the fibers had a significant effect on their strength. The tensile strength of the obtained basalt fibers varied from 550 to 3320 MPa depending on the formation conditions. The results of this work could be useful not only for scientists, but also for technologists seeking the optimal conditions for technological processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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14 pages, 5401 KiB  
Article
In-Line Nanostructuring of Glass Fibres Using Different Carbon Allotropes for Structural Health Monitoring Application
by Michael Thomas Müller, Kristina Eichhorn, Uwe Gohs and Gert Heinrich
Fibers 2019, 7(7), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7070061 - 10 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4949
Abstract
By the in-line nanostructuring of glass fibres (GF) during the glass fibre melt spinning process, the authors achieve an electro-mechanical-response-sensor. The glass fibre interphase was functionalized with different highly electrically conductive carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, or conductive carbon black. [...] Read more.
By the in-line nanostructuring of glass fibres (GF) during the glass fibre melt spinning process, the authors achieve an electro-mechanical-response-sensor. The glass fibre interphase was functionalized with different highly electrically conductive carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, or conductive carbon black. On-line structural health monitoring is demonstrated in continuous glass fibre-reinforced polypropylene composites during a static or dynamic three-point bending test. The different carbon fillers exhibit qualitative differences in their signal quality and sensitivity due to the differences in the aspect ratio of the nanoparticles, the film homogeneity, and the associated electrically conductive network density in the interphase. The occurrence of irreversible signal changes during dynamic loading may be attributed to filler reorientation processes caused by polymer creeping or to the destruction of the electrically conductive paths due to the presence of cracks in the glass fibre interphase. Further, the authors found that sensor embedding hardly influences the tensile properties of continuous GF reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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8 pages, 1544 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Atmospheric Moisture during Heat Treatment of Glass Fibres
by Peter G. Jenkins, Liu Yang and James L. Thomason
Fibers 2019, 7(4), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7040027 - 1 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5517
Abstract
The tensile strength of single water-sized E-glass fibres that were thermally conditioned, either in air or under vacuum, was investigated. The vacuum removed water from the conditioning atmosphere, as well as the fibre surfaces, at room temperature but retained tensile strength of fibres [...] Read more.
The tensile strength of single water-sized E-glass fibres that were thermally conditioned, either in air or under vacuum, was investigated. The vacuum removed water from the conditioning atmosphere, as well as the fibre surfaces, at room temperature but retained tensile strength of fibres treated in the absence of water were not significantly different from those thermally conditioned in a standard air furnace. The results suggest that water, either in the treatment atmosphere or on the surface of the fibres, is not a significant factor in fundamental glass fibre strength loss at an elevated temperature. It may, therefore, be necessary to consider alternative theories to explain this strength loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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18 pages, 3099 KiB  
Article
Dissolution Kinetics of R-Glass Fibres: Influence of Water Acidity, Temperature, and Stress Corrosion
by Andrey E. Krauklis, Abedin I. Gagani, Kristine Vegere, Ilze Kalnina, Maris Klavins and Andreas T. Echtermeyer
Fibers 2019, 7(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/fib7030022 - 12 Mar 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 6637
Abstract
Glass fibres slowly degrade due to dissolution when exposed to water. Such environmental aging results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties. In structural offshore and marine applications, as well as in the wind energy sector, R-glass fibre composites are continuously exposed to [...] Read more.
Glass fibres slowly degrade due to dissolution when exposed to water. Such environmental aging results in the deterioration of the mechanical properties. In structural offshore and marine applications, as well as in the wind energy sector, R-glass fibre composites are continuously exposed to water and humid environments for decades, with a typical design lifetime being around 25 years or more. During this lifetime, these materials are affected by various temperatures, acidity levels, and mechanical loads. A Dissolving Cylinder Zero-Order Kinetic (DCZOK) model was able to explain the long-term dissolution of R-glass fibres, considering the influence of the p H , temperature, and stress corrosion. The effects of these environmental conditions on the dissolution rate constants and activation energies of dissolution were obtained. Experimentally, dissolution was measured using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). For stress corrosion, a custom rig was designed and used. The temperature showed an Arrhenius-type influence on the kinetics, increasing the rate of dissolution exponentially with increasing temperature. In comparison with neutral conditions, basic and acidic aqueous environments showed an increase in the dissolution rates, affecting the lifetime of glass fibres negatively. External loads also increased glass dissolution rates due to stress corrosion. The model was able to capture all of these effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Glass Fibers)
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