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Entropy
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Thermal Science and Engineering Applications
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Thermal Science and Engineering Applications

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Thermodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2024) | Viewed by 6381

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Aurélio Dos Santos Bernardes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
Interests: mechanical engineering
Prof. Dr. Xinping Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
Interests: fluid mechanics; fluids engineering; heat and mass transfer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The thermodynamics-based concept of entropy has spread across different areas of knowledge, and is currently permeating the natural and engineered worlds.

The idea of entropy is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. Remarkably, the definition of entropy diverges in different contexts, and even within the same domain assorted perceptions of entropy are found connected with probabilities, or not. Chief related concepts such as relative entropy, skew entropy, and dynamical entropy, as well as magnitudes and properties such as invariance, additivity, concavity, subadditivity, strong subadditivity, continuity, etc., are not often enumerated in detail in the literature.

This Special Issue aims to deepen our understanding of some of the new developments in the comprehension of entropy, highlighting not only the historical or philosophical, but also the scientific and technical applicability in certain disciplinary domains focused on (but not restricted to) the following research areas:

  • Agricultural and biological sciences;
  • Biochemistry;
  • Genetics and molecular biology;
  • Business;
  • Management and accounting;
  • Chemical engineering;
  • Chemistry;
  • Computer science;
  • Decision sciences;
  • Dentistry;
  • Earth sciences;
  • Economics econometrics and finance;
  • Energy;
  • Engineering;
  • Environmental science;
  • Health professions;
  • Immunology and microbiology;
  • Materials science;
  • Mathematics;
  • Medicine;
  • Pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics;
  • Physics and astronomy;
  • Quantum physics;
  • Veterinary.

Dr. Marco Aurélio Dos Santos Bernardes
Prof. Dr. Xinping Zhou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thermodynamics
  • entropy
  • exergy
  • usefulness
  • second law of thermodynamics
  • entropy production
  • irreversibility
  • complex systems
  • statistical thermodynamics
  • energy

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 634 KiB  
Article
Direction of Spontaneous Processes in Non-Equilibrium Systems with Movable/Permeable Internal Walls
by Robert Hołyst, Paweł J. Żuk, Anna Maciołek, Karol Makuch and Konrad Giżyński
Entropy 2024, 26(8), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080713 - 22 Aug 2024
Viewed by 379
Abstract
We consider three different systems in a heat flow: an ideal gas, a van der Waals gas, and a binary mixture of ideal gases. We divide each system internally into two subsystems by a movable wall. We show that the direction of the [...] Read more.
We consider three different systems in a heat flow: an ideal gas, a van der Waals gas, and a binary mixture of ideal gases. We divide each system internally into two subsystems by a movable wall. We show that the direction of the motion of the wall, after release, under constant boundary conditions, is determined by the same inequality as in equilibrium thermodynamics dU−đQ≤0. The only difference between the equilibrium and non-equilibrium laws is the dependence of the net heat change, đQ, on the state parameters of the system. We show that the same inequality is valid when introducing the gravitational field in the case of both the ideal gas and the van der Waals gas in the heat flow. It remains true when we consider a thick wall permeable to gas particles and derive Archimedes’ principle in the heat flow. Finally, we consider the Couette (shear) flow of the ideal gas. In this system, the direction of the motion of the internal wall follows from the inequality dE−đQ−đWs≤0, where dE is the infinitesimal change in total energy (internal plus kinetic) and đWs is the infinitesimal work exchanged with the environment due to the shear force imposed on the flowing gas. Ultimately, we synthesize all these cases within a general framework of the second law of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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18 pages, 923 KiB  
Article
Energy, Exergetic, and Thermoeconomic Analyses of Hydrogen-Fueled 1-kW Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
by Yungpil Yoo, Sang-Yup Lee, Seok-Ho Seo, Si-Doek Oh and Ho-Young Kwak
Entropy 2024, 26(7), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26070566 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
Exergy analysis evaluates the efficiency of system components by quantifying the rate of entropy generation. In general, the exergy destruction rate or irreversibility rate was directly obtained through the exergy balance equation. However, this method cannot determine the origin of the component’s entropy [...] Read more.
Exergy analysis evaluates the efficiency of system components by quantifying the rate of entropy generation. In general, the exergy destruction rate or irreversibility rate was directly obtained through the exergy balance equation. However, this method cannot determine the origin of the component’s entropy generation rate, which is a very important factor in system design and improvement. In this study, a thorough energy, exergy, and thermoeconomic analysis of a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) was performed, providing the heat transfer rate, entropy generation rate, and cost loss rate of each component. The irreversibility rate of each component was obtained by the Gouy–Stodola theorem. Detailed and extensive exergy and thermoeconomic analyses of the PEMFC system determined that water cooling units experience the greatest heat transfer among the components in the studied PEMFC system, resulting in the greatest irreversibility and, thus, the greatest monetary flow loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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16 pages, 18237 KiB  
Article
Novel Entropy for Enhanced Thermal Imaging and Uncertainty Quantification
by Hrach Ayunts, Artyom Grigoryan and Sos Agaian
Entropy 2024, 26(5), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/e26050374 - 28 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1085
Abstract
This paper addresses the critical need for precise thermal modeling in electronics, where temperature significantly impacts system reliability. We emphasize the necessity of accurate temperature measurement and uncertainty quantification in thermal imaging, a vital tool across multiple industries. Current mathematical models and uncertainty [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the critical need for precise thermal modeling in electronics, where temperature significantly impacts system reliability. We emphasize the necessity of accurate temperature measurement and uncertainty quantification in thermal imaging, a vital tool across multiple industries. Current mathematical models and uncertainty measures, such as Rényi and Shannon entropies, are inadequate for the detailed informational content required in thermal images. Our work introduces a novel entropy that effectively captures the informational content of thermal images by combining local and global data, surpassing existing metrics. Validated by rigorous experimentation, this method enhances thermal images’ reliability and information preservation. We also present two enhancement frameworks that integrate an optimized genetic algorithm and image fusion techniques, improving image quality by reducing artifacts and enhancing contrast. These advancements offer significant contributions to thermal imaging and uncertainty quantification, with broad applications in various sectors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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18 pages, 736 KiB  
Article
Entropy Production in a Fractal System with Diffusive Dynamics
by Rafael S. Zola, Ervin K. Lenzi, Luciano R. da Silva and Marcelo K. Lenzi
Entropy 2023, 25(12), 1578; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25121578 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 886
Abstract
We study the entropy production in a fractal system composed of two subsystems, each of which is subjected to an external force. This is achieved by using the H-theorem on the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations (NFEs) characterizing the diffusing dynamics of each subsystem. In [...] Read more.
We study the entropy production in a fractal system composed of two subsystems, each of which is subjected to an external force. This is achieved by using the H-theorem on the nonlinear Fokker–Planck equations (NFEs) characterizing the diffusing dynamics of each subsystem. In particular, we write a general NFE in terms of Hausdorff derivatives to take into account the metric of each system. We have also investigated some solutions from the analytical and numerical point of view. We demonstrate that each subsystem affects the total entropy and how the diffusive process is anomalous when the fractal nature of the system is considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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20 pages, 23421 KiB  
Article
Study of Energy Loss Characteristics of a Shaft Tubular Pump Device Based on the Entropy Production Method
by Dongtao Ji, Weigang Lu, Bo Xu, Lei Xu and Linguang Lu
Entropy 2023, 25(7), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25070995 - 29 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1032
Abstract
The unstable flow of a shaft tubular pump device (STPD) leads to energy loss, thereby reducing its efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution pattern of energy loss in STPDs. This paper reveals that the two components with the [...] Read more.
The unstable flow of a shaft tubular pump device (STPD) leads to energy loss, thereby reducing its efficiency. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution pattern of energy loss in STPDs. This paper reveals that the two components with the highest proportion of energy loss are the impeller and the outlet passage. Furthermore, turbulent entropy production is the primary cause of energy loss. Due to the wall effect, the energy loss in the impeller mainly occurs near the hub and shroud. Additionally, the presence of a tip leakage vortex near the shroud further contributes to the energy loss in the region near the shroud. This results in the energy loss proportion exceeding 40% in the region with a volume fraction of 14% near the shroud. In the outlet passage, the energy loss mainly occurs in the front region, with a volume fraction of 30%, and the energy loss in this part accounts for more than 65%. Finally, this study reveals the locations of the vortex in the STPD under different flow-rate conditions, and when the distribution of energy loss is visualized, it is found that the energy loss occurs high in the vortex regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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23 pages, 10506 KiB  
Article
Topology Optimization Method of a Cavity Receiver and Built-In Net-Based Flow Channels for a Solar Parabolic Dish Collector
by Jun Liu, Renfu Li, Yuxuan Chen, Jianguo Zheng and Kun Wang
Entropy 2023, 25(3), 398; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25030398 - 22 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1653
Abstract
The design of a thermal cavity receiver and the arrangement of the fluid flow layout within it are critical in the construction of solar parabolic dish collectors, involving the prediction of the thermal–fluid physical field of the receiver and optimization design. However, the [...] Read more.
The design of a thermal cavity receiver and the arrangement of the fluid flow layout within it are critical in the construction of solar parabolic dish collectors, involving the prediction of the thermal–fluid physical field of the receiver and optimization design. However, the thermal–fluid analysis coupled with a heat loss model of the receiver is a non-linear and computationally intensive solving process that incurs high computational costs in the optimization procedure. To address this, we implement a net-based thermal–fluid model that incorporates heat loss analysis to describe the receiver’s flow and heat transfer processes, reducing computational costs. The physical field results of the net-based thermal–fluid model are compared with those of the numerical simulation, enabling us to verify the accuracy of the established thermal–fluid model. Additionally, based on the developed thermal–fluid model, a topology optimization method that employs a genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to design the cavity receiver and its built-in net-based flow channels. Using the established optimization method, single-objective and multi-objective optimization experiments are conducted under inhomogeneous heat flux conditions, with objectives including maximizing temperature uniformity and thermal efficiency, as well as minimizing the pressure drop. The results reveal varying topological characteristics for different optimization objectives. In comparison with the reference design (spiral channel) under the same conditions, the multi-objective optimization results exhibit superior comprehensive performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Science and Engineering Applications)
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