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The Road to Lower Emissions - Vehicle Sector

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 4978

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Mechanical Engineering, Gandhi Memorial College Of Engineering & Technology, Nandyal AP-518501, India
Interests: renewable energy; internal combustion engine; solar energy; hydrogen energy; biofuels; biomass

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor of “Road to Lower Emissions - Vehicle Sector” is now inviting submissions to this Special Issue of Energies. Optimization and control techniques are critical for the efficient use of renewable energy for engines. Many emerging techniques for renewable energy and energy systems have emerged in recent years. Moreover, the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence have become particularly interesting subject areas for renewable energy and energy researchers.

Dr. Upendra Rajak
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Internal Combustion Engines
  • Emissions 
  • Hydrogen Energy as a Fuel Alternative for Internal Combustion Engines
  • Biofuels and Biomass
  • Optimization of Emission
  • Renewable Energy for IC Engines at Its Best

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 4464 KiB  
Article
Study on the Effects of the Hydrogen Substitution Rate on the Performance of a Hydrogen–Diesel Dual-Fuel Engine under Different Loads
by Xiaole Liu, Shaohua Liu, Lizhong Shen, Yuhua Bi and Longjin Duan
Energies 2023, 16(16), 5971; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165971 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2078
Abstract
Due to having zero carbon emissions and renewable advantages, hydrogen has great prospects as a renewable form of alternate energy. Engine load and hydrogen substitution rate have a considerable influence on a hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine’s efficiency. This experiment’s objective is to study the [...] Read more.
Due to having zero carbon emissions and renewable advantages, hydrogen has great prospects as a renewable form of alternate energy. Engine load and hydrogen substitution rate have a considerable influence on a hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engine’s efficiency. This experiment’s objective is to study the influence of hydrogen substitution rate on engine combustion and emission under different loads and to study the impact of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) technology or main injection timing on the engine’s capability under high load and high hydrogen substitution rate. The range of the maximum hydrogen substitution rate was determined under different loads (30%~90%) at 1800 rpm and, then, the effects of the EGR rate (0%~15%) and main injection timing (−8 °CA ATDC~0 °CA ATDC) on the engine performance under 90% high load were studied. The research results show that the larger the load, the smaller the maximum hydrogen substitution rate that can be added to the dual-fuel engine. Under each load, with the increase of the hydrogen substitution rate, the cylinder pressure and the peak heat release rate (HRR) increase, the equivalent brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFCequ) decreases, the thermal efficiency increases, the maximum thermal efficiency is 43.1%, the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission is effectively reduced by 35.2%, and the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission decreases at medium and low loads, and the maximum increase rate is 20.1% at 90% load. Under high load, with the increase of EGR rate or the delay of main injection timing, the problem of NOx emission increases after hydrogen doping can be effectively solved. As the EGR rate rises from 0% to 15%, the maximum reduction of NOx is 63.1% and, with the delay of main injection timing from −8 °CA ATDC to 0 °CA ATDC, the maximum reduction of NOx is 44.5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road to Lower Emissions - Vehicle Sector)
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16 pages, 3076 KiB  
Concept Paper
Characteristics of Real-World Non-Exhaust Particulates from Vehicles
by Sunhee Mun, Hwansoo Chong, Jongtae Lee and Yunsung Lim
Energies 2023, 16(1), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010177 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2043
Abstract
The need to regulate the non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles has been discussed worldwide due to the bad environmental impact and the toxicity to the human body. In-depth studies have been precisely conducted on the analysis of the non-exhaust particulate matters, [...] Read more.
The need to regulate the non-exhaust particulate matter (PM) emissions from vehicles has been discussed worldwide due to the bad environmental impact and the toxicity to the human body. In-depth studies have been precisely conducted on the analysis of the non-exhaust particulate matters, in particular, the amount of tire, brake and road wear particles and their proportion in the atmosphere. In this study, the influence of tire and road wear particles (TRWP) on PM in the atmosphere was investigated with tire and PM samples. The PM samples suspended in the atmosphere were collected with a high-volume sampler equipped with a quartz filter. Additionally, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metal components in tire rubber were analyzed as markers by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (pyrolysis–GC/MS), GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometry (ICP/MS). More vinylcyclohexene was detected than dipentene in the markers measured in the samples of tires equipped with vehicles driving on the road, while more dipentene was measured in total suspended particles (TSP) samples. Among the PAHs in tire samples, pyrene exhibited the highest concentration. Benzo(b)fluoranthene showed the highest concentration in the TSP samples. Among the metals, the highest concentration was zinc in all tire samples and calcium in TSP samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Road to Lower Emissions - Vehicle Sector)
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