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Computational and Data-Driven Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines or Gas Turbines, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2026 | Viewed by 3511

Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Cristina Cameretti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; gas turbines; combustion modeling; CFD; thermodynamic solar plant; hybrid propulsion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Roberta De Robbio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: CFD; internal combustion engines; gas turbines; dual fuel; optical diagnostic; hydrogen; hybrid vehicles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The third edition of this Energies Special Issue, entitled ‘Computational and Data-Driven Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines or Gas Turbines, 3rd Edition’, builds upon the success of the first edition and second edition by further advancing the discourse on the topic. This edition continues to gather cutting-edge research on reciprocating engines or gas turbines.

In the last decade, more stringent regulations have forced a significant reduction in the levels of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere; nevertheless, internal combustion engines and gas turbines still represent the most widely operated energy conversion systems. Experimental investigations play a fundamental role in allowing better understanding and limiting of the processes that are responsible for noxious species formation. Indeed, only experimental activities can provide basic data to deeply analyze the phenomena occurring inside combustion chambers.

On the other hand, experimental facilities require high cost of maintenance and operation and, therefore, the same data can be used in the validation of numerical models. The latter are helpful to predict the behavior of engines and gas turbines under a wide range of operating conditions or to test their operation in innovative combustion concepts.

For this Special Issue, we invite you to submit papers involving combustion computational models and their methodologies of validation, covering a wide range of applications and solutions.

Some of the topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Compression ignition engines
  • Spark ignition engines
  • Gas turbines
  • Experimental data processing and analysis
  • Combustion modeling
  • Model validation
  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • 0D/1D codes
  • Innovative fuels
  • Innovative combustion concepts

Papers submitted to this Special Issue will be selected after a rigorous peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments, and applications.

Prof. Dr. Maria Cristina Cameretti
Dr. Roberta De Robbio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • modeling
  • experimental data
  • internal combustion engines
  • gas turbines
  • combustion
  • CFD
  • 0D/1D codes

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 8873 KB  
Article
Direct Numerical Simulation of a Lean Premixed NH3/H2/N2/Air Jet in Crossflow at Micro-Gas Turbine Relevant Conditions
by Donato Cecere, Matteo Cimini and Eugenio Giacomazzi
Energies 2026, 19(12), 2896; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122896 - 18 Jun 2026
Viewed by 284
Abstract
In this work, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) investigates the combustion behaviour of a reactive transverse lean premixed jet of an ammonia blend (10% NH3, 11% H2, 16% O2 and 63% N2 by volume) injected through a rectangular [...] Read more.
In this work, Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) investigates the combustion behaviour of a reactive transverse lean premixed jet of an ammonia blend (10% NH3, 11% H2, 16% O2 and 63% N2 by volume) injected through a rectangular nozzle in a pre-heated non-vitiated air crossflow at a pressure of 5 bar. The configuration has been chosen from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) test campaign to ensure low NO and low unburned fuel, while maintaining a high temperature profile at the turbine inlet. The DNS shows that the flame stabilises on the leeward side of the rectangular jet, within and downstream of the recirculation region, while high scalar dissipation and short residence times prevent persistent anchoring on the windward side. Joint statistics reveal that the reaction does not follow a constant equivalence ratio path, since intermediate progress states are shifted towards leaner mixtures by entrainment, dilution and differential diffusion. The strongest heat-release and displacement-speed events occur in localised regions where mixture state, stretch and flame-front geometry act jointly. The displacement-speed budget is mainly controlled by the chemical source term, with diffusion reducing the net propagation speed and stratification-induced cross terms remaining small. Under intense stretch, positively curved flame elements exhibit larger displacement speeds, indicating a coupled effect of curvature, preferential diffusion and local radical transport. NO formation is dominated by fuel-nitrogen chemistry: HNO and NH2 are the main NO-producing routes, whereas N2 and N2O provide the dominant NO-sink channels. The DNS predicts an outlet-averaged NO level of 400 dppm, while extended-domain RANS calculations indicate that longer residence times could reduce it below 100 dppm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational and Data-Driven Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines or Gas Turbines, 3rd Edition)
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20 pages, 6331 KB  
Article
Towards 50% Efficiency in Opposed Free-Piston Linear Generators Operating with Natural Gas and HCCI Combustion
by Giovanni Gaetano Gianetti, Nicola Morandi, Tommaso Lucchini, Matteo Ferrarini and Angelo Onorati
Energies 2026, 19(12), 2833; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19122833 - 14 Jun 2026
Viewed by 400
Abstract
Internal combustion engines are a well-established, efficient and dispatchable solution for distributed power generation and they are widely used in various sectors including grid balancing, data centers and combined heat and power systems. Current research efforts focus on further increasing efficiency, enabling decarbonization [...] Read more.
Internal combustion engines are a well-established, efficient and dispatchable solution for distributed power generation and they are widely used in various sectors including grid balancing, data centers and combined heat and power systems. Current research efforts focus on further increasing efficiency, enabling decarbonization through renewable fuels and improving responsiveness to electricity demand in the presence of variable renewable energy sources. In this context, the free-piston linear generator (FPLG) stands out as a highly promising technology, as it directly converts piston motion into electricity, offering high efficiency, reduced mechanical complexity and seamless grid integration. Initially explored for its high-efficiency potential with homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion at extreme compression ratios, opposed-piston FPLGs are now commercially available for distributed power generation, delivering global efficiencies exceeding 45%, near-zero emissions and multi-fuel capability. Building on the detailed studies conducted by Svrcek and co-authors, this work investigates the power-generation potential of low-temperature homogeneous combustion using CFD simulations with detailed chemical kinetics. First, rapid compression machine (RCM) experiments with methane were reproduced in simulations to validate the proposed methodology and to consolidate experimental findings on the maximum achievable efficiency. Subsequently, an extensive RCM simulation campaign supported the identification of optimal operating conditions in terms of air–fuel ratio using methane as fuel. The RCM results enabled the definition of a preliminary methane-fueled opposed-piston FPLG configuration. Full-cycle simulations including gas exchange, mixing and combustion demonstrated an indicated efficiency of 58% at an equivalence ratio ϕ=0.5 and a compression ratio of 50. The key novelties of this study are the development of a novel RCM-2 configuration that more closely reproduces the dynamic behavior of an opposed-piston FPLG including air-spring effects and the introduction of a divided intake port strategy to simultaneously reduce fuel slip and mitigate knocking behaviour through charge stratification. The simulation results for the proposed configuration confirm the potential of opposed-piston FPLGs for high-efficiency power generation and highlight key parameters affecting performance and emissions formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational and Data-Driven Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines or Gas Turbines, 3rd Edition)
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19 pages, 3289 KB  
Article
Modeling Hydrogen-Assisted Combustion of Liquid Fuels in Compression-Ignition Engines Using a Double-Wiebe Function
by Stanislaw Szwaja, Saugirdas Pukalskas, Romualdas Juknelevičius and Alfredas Rimkus
Energies 2025, 18(21), 5622; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18215622 - 26 Oct 2025
Viewed by 2216
Abstract
This article discusses the potential of using the double-Wiebe function to model combustion in a compression-ignition engine fueled by diesel fuel or its substitutes, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and hydrogen injected into the engine intake manifold. [...] Read more.
This article discusses the potential of using the double-Wiebe function to model combustion in a compression-ignition engine fueled by diesel fuel or its substitutes, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and rapeseed methyl ester (RME), and hydrogen injected into the engine intake manifold. The hydrogen amount ranged from 0 to 35% of the total energy content of the fuels burned. It was found that co-combustion of liquid fuel with hydrogen is characterized by two distinct combustion phases: premixed and diffusion combustion. The premixed phase, occurring just after ignition, is characterized by a rapid combustion rate, which increases with an increase in hydrogen injected. The novelty in this work is the modified formula for a double-Wiebe function and the proposed parameters of this function depending on the amount of hydrogen added for co-combustion with liquid fuel. To model this combustion process, the modified double-Wiebe function was proposed, which can model two phases with different combustion rates. For this purpose, a normalized HRR was calculated, and based on this curve, coefficients for the double-Wiebe function were proposed. Satisfactory consistency with the experiment was achieved at a level determined by the coefficient of determination (R-squared) of above 0.98. It was concluded that the presented double-Wiebe function can be used to model combustion in 0-D and 1-D models for fuels: RME and HVO with hydrogen addition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational and Data-Driven Modeling of Combustion in Reciprocating Engines or Gas Turbines, 3rd Edition)
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