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Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines
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Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2024) | Viewed by 5414

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vittorio Ravaglioli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bologna, 47121 Forli, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; combustion control; testing; hybrid systems; hydrogen combustion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giacomo Silvagni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, 47122 Forlì, Italy
Interests: internal combustion engines; low tempearture combustions; sustainable aeronautical and space propulsion systems; rapid control prototyping; sustainable mobility; hydrogen based-solutions for aeronautics; sustainable hydrogen-based energy plants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue titled "Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines" aims to showcase the latest research, advancements, and perspectives in the field of ignition technology and its impact on combustion engines. Ignition plays a vital role in determining engine performance, efficiency, and emissions. With ongoing advancements in spark plug design, ignition systems, control algorithms, and fuel injection strategies, this Special Issue explores the cutting-edge developments and their implications across diverse applications, including automotive, marine, aviation, and power generation.

The Special Issue encompasses a wide range of topics, including advancements in spark plug design and materials, novel ignition system architectures, ignition strategies for alternative fuels, optimization techniques for ignition timing, ignition modeling and simulation, control strategies and algorithms, ignition diagnostics and sensing techniques, ignition technology for advanced combustion modes, and studies on ignition phenomena through experimental and computational approaches.

The Special Issue "Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines" aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers, practitioners, and industry professionals working in the field. By presenting the latest advancements and future directions in ignition technology, it will contribute to the scientific community's understanding of how ignition technology can enhance combustion engine performance, improve fuel efficiency, and reduce emissions. The published articles will provide valuable insights for addressing the challenges and opportunities in ignition technology and promote sustainable development in the field of combustion engines.

Overall, the Special Issue "Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines" seeks to advance the knowledge and state of the art in ignition technology and foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among researchers and practitioners working towards more efficient and sustainable combustion engines.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:
1.    Advancements in spark plug design and materials;
2.    Novel ignition system architectures and concepts;
3.    Ignition strategies for alternative fuels (e.g., biofuels, hydrogen);
4.    Ignition timing optimization techniques;
5.    Ignition modelling and simulation;
6.    Ignition control strategies and algorithms;
7.    Ignition technology for advanced combustion modes (e.g., homogeneous charge compression ignition);
8.    Ignition diagnostics and sensing techniques;
9.    Ignition technology for emission reduction and aftertreatment systems;
10.    Experimental and computational studies on ignition phenomena;
11.    Ignition technology for high-efficiency engines;
12.    Ignition strategies for lean burn and stratified combustion;
13.    Advanced ignition systems for improved cold-start performance;
14.    Ignition strategies for reducing engine knock and pre-ignition;
15.    Ignition technology for improved combustion stability and control.

Prof. Dr. Vittorio Ravaglioli
Dr. Giacomo Silvagni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ignition technology
  • combustion engines
  • ignition systems
  • fuel injection strategies
  • alternative fuels
  • hydrogen ignition
  • ignition modeling
  • ignition simulation
  • ignition control
  • advanced combustion modes
  • sensing techniques
  • emission reduction

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 3907 KiB  
Article
Exploring Hydrogen–Diesel Dual Fuel Combustion in a Light-Duty Engine: A Numerical Investigation
by Francesco Scrignoli, Alfredo Maria Pisapia, Tommaso Savioli, Ezio Mancaruso, Enrico Mattarelli and Carlo Alberto Rinaldini
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5761; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225761 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 983
Abstract
Dual fuel combustion has gained attention as a cost-effective solution for reducing the pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The typical approach is combining a conventional high-reactivity fossil fuel (diesel fuel) with a sustainable low-reactivity fuel, such as bio-methane, ethanol, or green hydrogen. [...] Read more.
Dual fuel combustion has gained attention as a cost-effective solution for reducing the pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines. The typical approach is combining a conventional high-reactivity fossil fuel (diesel fuel) with a sustainable low-reactivity fuel, such as bio-methane, ethanol, or green hydrogen. The last one is particularly interesting, as in theory it produces only water and NOx when it burns. However, integrating hydrogen into stock diesel engines is far from trivial due to a number of theoretical and practical challenges, mainly related to the control of combustion at different loads and speeds. The use of 3D-CFD simulation, supported by experimental data, appears to be the most effective way to address these issues. This study investigates the hydrogen-diesel dual fuel concept implemented with minimum modifications in a light-duty diesel engine (2.8 L, 4-cylinder, direct injection with common rail), considering two operating points representing typical partial and full load conditions for a light commercial vehicle or an industrial engine. The numerical analysis explores the effects of progressively replacing diesel fuel with hydrogen, up to 80% of the total energy input. The goal is to assess how this substitution affects engine performance and combustion characteristics. The results show that a moderate hydrogen substitution improves brake thermal efficiency, while higher substitution rates present quite a severe challenge. To address these issues, the diesel fuel injection strategy is optimized under dual fuel operation. The research findings are promising, but they also indicate that further investigations are needed at high hydrogen substitution rates in order to exploit the potential of the concept. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines)
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14 pages, 4318 KiB  
Article
CFD Methodology to Capture the Combustion Behavior of a Conventional Diesel Engine Retrofitted to Operate in Gasoline Compression Ignition Mode
by Davide Viscione, Vittorio Ravaglioli, Valerio Mariani, Giacomo Silvagni and Gian Marco Bianchi
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4061; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164061 - 16 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1057
Abstract
The need for a cleaner and more efficient transportation sector emphasizes the development of new technologies aimed at the integrated reduction of pollutant emissions and increases in efficiency. Among these, promising technologies such as low-temperature combustion (LTC) systems operate in the field of [...] Read more.
The need for a cleaner and more efficient transportation sector emphasizes the development of new technologies aimed at the integrated reduction of pollutant emissions and increases in efficiency. Among these, promising technologies such as low-temperature combustion (LTC) systems operate in the field of the combustion physics, combining the attributes of both spark-ignited (SI) and compression-ignited (CI) engines. In particular, in a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine, gasoline is injected in closely spaced multiple pulses near the top dead center (TDC), creating a highly stratified charge which locally auto-ignites based on the thermodynamic conditions. In this work, a sectorial mesh of the combustion chamber was built. Initial and boundary conditions were set according to a one-dimensional model of the engine from a GT-suite platform. Then, a dedicated Matlab R2023b code was used to capture the effect of the pressure wave propagation on the shape of the fuel mass rate in closely spaced multiple injection events. Finally, a 3D-CFD code was validated comparing pressure trace, rate of heat release (RoHR) and emissions with experimental data provided by the test bench. The results highlight the robustness of the tabulated combustion model, which is able to capture the auto-ignition delay with a considerably low amount of computational time compared to common detailed kinetic solvers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines)
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19 pages, 6296 KiB  
Article
Spark Timing Optimization through Co-Simulation Analysis in a Spark Ignition Engine
by Ivan Arsie, Emmanuele Frasci, Adrian Irimescu and Simona Silvia Merola
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3695; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153695 - 26 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1330
Abstract
The automotive industry is experiencing radical changes under the pressure of institutions that are increasingly reducing the limits on CO2 and pollutant emissions from road vehicles powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs). A way to decarbonize the transport sector without disrupting current [...] Read more.
The automotive industry is experiencing radical changes under the pressure of institutions that are increasingly reducing the limits on CO2 and pollutant emissions from road vehicles powered by internal combustion engines (ICEs). A way to decarbonize the transport sector without disrupting current automotive production is the adoption of alternative fuels for internal combustion engines (ICEs). Hydrogen is very attractive, thanks to the zero-carbon content and very high laminar flame speed, allowing for extending the lean burn limit. Other alternative fuels are methanol and ethanol. This work deals with the conversion of a small-sized passenger car powered by a three-cylinder spark ignition (SI) engine for the use of alternative fuels. In particular, the spark timing has been optimized to improve the fuel economy under every operating condition. The optimization procedure is based on the MATLAB/Simulink® R2024a-GT-Power co-simulation analysis and minimizes the fuel consumption by varying the spark timing independently for each cylinder. In particular, at full load, the algorithm reduces the spark timing only for the cylinder in which knock is detected, reducing fuel consumption by about 2% compared to the base calibration. This approach will be adopted in future activities to understand how the use of alternative fuels affects the ignition control strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines)
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18 pages, 13009 KiB  
Article
Optical Analysis of Ignition Sparks and Inflammation Using Background-Oriented Schlieren Technique
by Moritz Grüninger, Olaf Toedter and Thomas Koch
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1274; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061274 - 7 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1140
Abstract
To determine the timing of inflammation in gas and gasoline combustion engines, the point of 10% mass fraction conversion of fuel (MFB10) is commonly used. The MFB10 can be determined from the heating curve, which in turn is calculated from the in-cylinder pressure [...] Read more.
To determine the timing of inflammation in gas and gasoline combustion engines, the point of 10% mass fraction conversion of fuel (MFB10) is commonly used. The MFB10 can be determined from the heating curve, which in turn is calculated from the in-cylinder pressure curve. However, the cylinder pressure is an indirect parameter with regard to inflammation, as it is the result of the combustion that follows the inflammation. An attempt is made to derive a new, direct parameter of inflammation based on optical measurements in order to detect inflammation more rapidly and accurately. The background-oriented Schlieren technique (BOS) in combination with high-magnification optics and a high-speed camera is used to detect local density changes coming from the particle wave around the ignition kernel of a hydrogen combustion inside a combustion chamber. Via BOS and regular high-magnification high-speed imaging, the influence of ignition coil dwell time and in-cylinder pressure on the spark phases and the inflammation itself are evaluated. As a potential direct parameter for inflammation, the size of the particle wave resulting from the expanding ignition kernel is evaluated. It was found that a higher coil energy supports a faster propagation of the particle wave at ambient pressure. At higher pressures, general combustion effects override the effect of the influence of the coil energy on the propagation speed of the particle wave. In addition, the presence of successful inflammation was found to influence the spark phases. A directly measurable parameter for ignition could be found at a basic level, which will serve as a starting point for further detailed investigations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ignition Technology for Combustion Engines)
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