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Advanced Modeling and State Estimation Technologies for Next-Generation Battery Management

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 7 March 2026 | Viewed by 184

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: lithium-ion batteries; battery management; electrified vehicles
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Guest Editor
Department of Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Interests: lithium-ion batteries; thermal monitoring; state estimation

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: estimation; energy storage systems; nonlinear dynamics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely deployed in various energy storage applications, ranging from customer electronics, electric vehicles, grid energy storage systems, and even flying cars. However, several common concerns, such as short driving mileage, potential safety hazards, and unpredictable degradation, greatly hinder the further adoption of battery-powered devices. Advanced battery management is a viable solution to mitigating these awkward situations, which entails accurate and computationally efficient battery models and state estimation algorithms.  involves multi-level battery models (i.e., cell/module/pack level) and key states like state of charge (SOC), state of temperature (SOT), state of health (SOH), state of power (SOP), remaining useful lifetime (RUL), and state of safety (SOS). Conventional approaches face significant challenges in striking the trade-off between prediction fidelity, computational complexity, implementation difficulty, and generalization capability.

Recent developments in data science and hardware capabilities offer transformative opportunities to enhance battery management over the entire lifespan. Advanced strategies and techniques, such as cloud-end collaboration and physics–data hybridization, make good use of separate methods to improve performance (like simulation accuracy and generalizability) without the sacrifice of computational efficiency. These emerging approaches hold great promise for enabling next-generation smart battery management.

This Special Issue aims to provide an exchange platform for researchers and practitioners to present cutting-edge developments in the field of battery modeling, state estimation, safety evaluation, and risk warning.

The scope of this Special Issue aligns with the journal’s mission to advance theoretical innovation, technological development, and practical applications in the field of energy storage and management. We particularly welcome interdisciplinary research that integrates electrochemistry, data science, and system engineering to address critical challenges in battery modeling, state estimation, and safety management.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Physics-based/physics-data hybrid modeling methods for fast battery digital twins;
  • Model simplification and reformulation for real-time control purposes;
  • Model-based multi-state joint estimation (like SOC/SOH/SOP/SOS);
  • Machine learning enabled state estimation and prediction (like SOH/RUL);
  • Sensorless temperature estimation and the reconstruction of temperature distribution of large-format battery cells/packs;
  • Safety quantification and risk warning based on multi-source information fusion and cloud-end collaboration;
  • Degradation-aware state monitoring and performance management strategies.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Wenxue Liu
Dr. Yusheng Zheng
Prof. Dr. Remus Teodorescu
Dr. Hamidreza Movahedi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lithium-ion batteries
  • physics-based modeling
  • model reformulation
  • machine learning
  • state estimation
  • safety management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 1845 KB  
Article
A Non-Invasive Optical Sensor for Real-Time State of Charge and Capacity Fading Tracking in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
by Shang-Ching Chuang, Cheng-Hsien Kuo, Yao-Ming Wang, Ning-Yih Hsu, Han-Jou Lin, Jen-Yuan Kuo and Chau-Chang Chou
Energies 2025, 18(23), 6366; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18236366 (registering DOI) - 4 Dec 2025
Abstract
Accurate and real-time state of charge (SOC) monitoring is critical for the safe, efficient, and stable long-term operation of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Traditional monitoring methods are susceptible to errors arising from side reactions, cumulative drift, and electrolyte imbalance. This study develops [...] Read more.
Accurate and real-time state of charge (SOC) monitoring is critical for the safe, efficient, and stable long-term operation of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Traditional monitoring methods are susceptible to errors arising from side reactions, cumulative drift, and electrolyte imbalance. This study develops a non-invasive optical sensor module for the negative electrolyte (anolyte), utilizing the favorable spectral properties of V(II)/V(III) ions at 850 nm for real-time SOC tracking. A fifth-order polynomial model was employed for calibration, successfully managing the non-linear optical response of highly concentrated electrolytes and achieving exceptional accuracy (adjusted R2 > 0.9999). The optical sensor reliably tracked capacity degradation over 50 galvanostatic cycles, yielding a degradation curve that showed a high correlation with the conventional coulomb counting method, thus confirming its feasibility for assessing battery’s state of health. Contrary to initial expectations, operating at higher current densities resulted in a lower capacity degradation rate (CDR). This phenomenon is primarily attributed to the time-dependent nature of parasitic side reactions. Higher current densities reduce the cycle duration, thereby minimizing the temporal exposure of active species to degradation mechanisms and mitigating cumulative ion imbalance. This mechanism was corroborated by physicochemical analysis via UV-Vis spectroscopy, which revealed a strong correlation between the severity of spectral deviation and the CDR ranking. This non-invasive optical technology offers a low-cost and effective solution for precise VRFB management and preventative maintenance. Full article
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