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Power Cables in Energy Systems
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Power Cables in Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 7233

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhonglei Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: advanced insulating materials for power cables and accessories; condition assessment; multiphysics simulation technologies for cable systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yu Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Automation and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: ageing of polymer insulating material used under radioactive environment; nano-dielectrics; condition monitoring; diagnosis of power equipment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jinghui Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Electric Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
Interests: functional dielectrics and their applications in piezoelectric, dielectric, and energy storage; cable technology; bioelectromagnetic effect

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Power cables play a prominent role in power transmission at the global level, which are also likened to the "arteries" in energy systems. Nowadays, submarine cables used for offshore wind energy have further enriched this field. Therefore, various new technologies to improve the reliability of cable systems are particularly important, including but not limited to insulation technologies, design, testing and detection technologies, multiphysics simulation technologies, etc. In addition, we have also witnessed significant progress in the environmentally friendly insulation of power cables over the past decade. Therefore, this Special Issue aims to promote and disseminate recent advancements in theory, design, modeling, testing, and detection related to the application of power cables in energy systems.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Insulation materials for cables and accessories;
  • Space charge characteristics;
  • Partial discharge and breakdown;
  • Environmentally friendly insulation;
  • Insulation condition assessment;
  • Condition monitoring for cable systems;
  • Sensors and signal analysis;
  • Lifetime prediction and reliability models;
  • Cables used in harsh environment;
  • Multiphysics simulation for cables and accessories;
  • Novel technologies for submarine cable systems.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Zhonglei Li
Dr. Yu Gao
Prof. Dr. Jinghui Gao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power cable
  • cable accessory
  • space charge
  • ageing
  • dielectric breakdown
  • condition monitoring
  • lifetime
  • multiphysics simulation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 4938 KiB  
Article
Solid Insulation Partial Discharge Detection of Low-Intensity Noise Fiber Laser Based on Polarized Light Demodulation
by Zhenpeng Zhang, Zhengbo Liang, Junping Hou, Li Chen, Lin Tang and Mingzhong Xu
Energies 2025, 18(4), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040955 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 429
Abstract
The distributed feedback fiber (DFB) laser has been extensively researched for the purpose of detecting partial discharges in power equipment. DFB is demodulated using an unbalanced interferometer, which is not only structurally complex but also prone to introducing significant noise when the fiber [...] Read more.
The distributed feedback fiber (DFB) laser has been extensively researched for the purpose of detecting partial discharges in power equipment. DFB is demodulated using an unbalanced interferometer, which is not only structurally complex but also prone to introducing significant noise when the fiber distance is long. In order to address this issue, this paper presents the design of a low-noise demodulation system. The theoretical model of external optical feedback noise is described in this study. The relationship between this noise and the DFB linewidth is established by introducing the external optical feedback coefficient C. The theoretical results demonstrate that the system noise is minimized when C is approximately 30. A low-noise partial discharge detection system combined with a polarization optical demodulation method is developed. The experimental results confirmed the local discharge detection capability of the system in solid insulation and significantly reduced the system noise. This result promotes wider application and promotion of DFB lasers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 3504 KiB  
Article
Discussion on AC Resistance and Temperature of ACSR Based on Finite Element Model Assistance
by Jianbo Yu, Changqing Wu, Hao Huang, Dexin Xie, Feixiang Qin, Jian Jiang and Gaohui He
Energies 2025, 18(3), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030539 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 630
Abstract
In overhead wire transmission systems, the presence of AC resistance results in increased energy dissipation, adversely affecting the lines’ capacity to conduct current. This paper employs a finite element aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) model, combined with electrical measurement techniques, to investigate AC resistance. [...] Read more.
In overhead wire transmission systems, the presence of AC resistance results in increased energy dissipation, adversely affecting the lines’ capacity to conduct current. This paper employs a finite element aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) model, combined with electrical measurement techniques, to investigate AC resistance. By applying varying levels of AC current, the model is employed to determine the AC resistance which closely aligns with theoretical values estimated using the Morgan algorithm. The trends observed in the parameters are consistent, thereby validating the accuracy of the model. Following simulations and analyses regarding both AC resistance and temperature variations within the conductors—and incorporating empirical measurement results—it is demonstrated that, when environmental factors are not considered, any increase in the conductor temperature can be integrated into a revised model. This updated model is subsequently compared against test results obtained from an experimental platform; the findings confirm that the estimation errors remain within an acceptable range. Overall, this simulation model serves as a valuable reference for assessing AC losses in existing conductors, as well as contributing to reduced experimental costs while mitigating the associated risks and challenges. In summary, this simulation model serves as an essential reference for assessing AC losses in current conductors and aids in reducing experimental costs while addressing the associated risks and challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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13 pages, 5913 KiB  
Article
Electrical Tree and Partial Discharge Characteristics of Silicone Rubber Under Mechanical Pressure
by Jingang Su, Peng Zhang, Zhen Liu, Xingwang Huang, Xianhai Pang, Zeping Zheng and Tao Han
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5645; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225645 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 764
Abstract
Silicone rubber (SIR) is a crucial insulating material in cable accessories, but it is also susceptible to faults. In practical applications, mechanical pressure from bending or shrinking can impact the degradation of SIR, necessitating the study of its electrical tree and partial discharge [...] Read more.
Silicone rubber (SIR) is a crucial insulating material in cable accessories, but it is also susceptible to faults. In practical applications, mechanical pressure from bending or shrinking can impact the degradation of SIR, necessitating the study of its electrical tree and partial discharge (PD) characteristics under such pressure. This work presents the construction of a test platform for electrical trees under varying pressures to observe their growth process. A high-frequency current transformer is used to measure PD patterns during tree growth, enabling analysis of the effect of PD on tree initiation and propagation under pressure. The experimental results demonstrate a significant decrease in tree inception probability and increase in PD inception voltage under pressure. The pressure also influences the tree structure and PD during the treeing process, where the longest tree with a branch-like structure appears under 800 kPa. The effect of pressure on electrical tree and PD characteristics can be attributed to changes in free volume, alterations in air pressure within the tree channels, and the affected charge accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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13 pages, 2629 KiB  
Article
Effects of Water Absorption on the Insulating Properties of Polypropylene
by Rui Xi, Qiyang Jiang, Liang Cao, Chuping Li, Jiaxun He, Ya Zhang, Gaohui He, Yingang Gui and Chao Tang
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4576; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184576 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1161
Abstract
Moisture has been a crucial problem during the operation of cable systems. When we are faced with polypropylene (PP)-based insulation for the development of cable systems, there are few reports on the effects of water intrusion on the electrical performances of PP. In [...] Read more.
Moisture has been a crucial problem during the operation of cable systems. When we are faced with polypropylene (PP)-based insulation for the development of cable systems, there are few reports on the effects of water intrusion on the electrical performances of PP. In this study, the water absorption characteristics of isotactic PP (iPP) and atactic PP (aPP), as well as their effects on volume resistivity and relative permittivity, were investigated. The structure evolution during the water absorption process of the two PPs was also compared via infrared spectra and X-ray diffraction analyses. The results show that both of the two PPs show a saturation of water absorption at ~216 h, even though there are structural differences. And water intrusion into bulk could increase the interplanar spacing of iPP while decreasing the interplanar spacing of aPP. Moreover, with the increase in water absorption, the volume resistivity of the two PPs show a decreasing trend while the relative permittivity presents an increasing behavior, which shows an almost linear correlation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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12 pages, 3848 KiB  
Article
Current Measurement of Three-Core Cables via Magnetic Sensors
by Jingang Su, Peng Zhang, Xingwang Huang, Xianhai Pang, Xun Diao and Yan Li
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4007; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164007 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1000
Abstract
Due to their compact structure and low laying cost, three-core power cables are widely used for power distribution networks. The three-phases of such cables are distributed symmetrically with a 120° shift to each other. Phase current is an important parameter to reflect the [...] Read more.
Due to their compact structure and low laying cost, three-core power cables are widely used for power distribution networks. The three-phases of such cables are distributed symmetrically with a 120° shift to each other. Phase current is an important parameter to reflect the operation state of the power system and three-core cable. Three-core symmetrical power cables use a common shield, leading to magnetic field cancelation outside the cable during steady operation. Thus, traditional magnetic-based current transformers cannot measure the phase current on three-core cable non-invasively. In order to measure the phase current more conveniently, a phase current measurement method for three-core cables based on a magnetic sensor is proposed in this paper. Nonlinear equations of a phase current and the magnetic field of a measuring point are constructed. The calculated magnetic field distribution of the three-core cable is verified using a finite element simulation. The effectiveness of the measurement method is further validated through experiments. This proposed method is able to conveniently detect the phase current of three-core power cables, which can help cable maintenance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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15 pages, 2294 KiB  
Article
Breakdown Performance Evaluation and Lifetime Prediction of XLPE Insulation in HVAC Cables
by Zhonglei Li, Yuming Dong, You Wu, Zhengzheng Meng, Pengxian Song, Mingzheng Zhu, Xu Li and Boxue Du
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061337 - 11 Mar 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2531
Abstract
This article presents the recent developments in the field of evaluation of the breakdown performance and remaining lifetime of XLPE insulation and analyzes the accuracy of existing lifetime prediction models through experiments. The effects of the crystalline morphology, cable thickness and sampling location [...] Read more.
This article presents the recent developments in the field of evaluation of the breakdown performance and remaining lifetime of XLPE insulation and analyzes the accuracy of existing lifetime prediction models through experiments. The effects of the crystalline morphology, cable thickness and sampling location of XLPE insulation on the evaluation of short-term breakdown performance are reviewed in the context of the experiments. The study reviews the application of the Ramu, Simoni, and Ramu multi-stress lifetime prediction models and explores the other remaining lifetime prediction models under the combined electrothermal stresses which are applicable to XLPE insulation. Finally, this paper recommends the most effective engineering evaluation methods and provides suggestions for improving the electrical performance of XLPE insulation for high-voltage cables. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Cables in Energy Systems)
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