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Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D2: Electrochem: Batteries, Fuel Cells, Capacitors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 8060

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hubert Ronduda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: inorganic synthesis; inorganic material synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; catalyst design; catalyst characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry recognized the significance of Li-ion battery technologies, and the commercialization of Na-ion batteries has gradually begun due to their advantages of having a lower cost and wider source of raw materials. This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest updates and prospects of electrode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries.

Authors in this field are invited to submit contributions in the form of original research articles and reviews to this Special Issue. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the synthesis of anode and cathode materials, innovative electrode material structures, scaling up the electrode material synthesis process for large-scale battery applications, etc. Battery performance improvements in terms of energy and power density, cycle life, operation conditions, and battery safety are within the scope of this Special Issue. The recycling concepts for electrode materials are also welcome.

“Energies” invites submissions and article proposals for an upcoming Special Issue on Li-ion and Na-ion battery research. 

Dr. Hubert Ronduda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • batteries
  • energy storage
  • Li-ion batteries
  • Na-ion batteries
  • cathode materials
  • anode materials
  • synthesis methods, characterization methods

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2105 KiB  
Article
Study of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ as an Anode in Li-Ion Battery
by Arjun Kumar Thapa, Ariella Fogel and Ram Krishna Hona
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2508; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102508 - 13 May 2025
Viewed by 908
Abstract
The application of oxygen-deficient perovskites (ODPs) has attracted interest as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries for their unique properties. One such material, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ, has been studied extensively. The structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn [...] Read more.
The application of oxygen-deficient perovskites (ODPs) has attracted interest as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries for their unique properties. One such material, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ, has been studied extensively. The structure of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ was investigated using various techniques, including Rietveld refinements with X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction. Additionally, iodometric titration and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to study the oxygen-deficiency amount and the transition metal’s oxidation states in the material. As an anode material, CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ exhibits promising performance. It delivers 393 mAhg−1 of discharge capacity at a current density of 25 mAg−1 after 100 cycles. Notably, this capacity surpasses both the theoretical graphite anode capacity (372 mAhg−1) and that of the calcium analog reported previously. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ remains highly reversible across various current densities ranging from 25 to 500 mAg−1. This suggests the material’s excellent stability and reversibility during charge–discharge cycles, showing its probable application as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The mechanism of lithium intercalation and deintercalation within CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ has also been discussed. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for optimizing the battery’s performance and ensuring long-term stability. Overall, this study highlights the significant potential of oxygen-deficient perovskites, particularly CaSrFe0.75Co0.75Mn0.5O6-δ, for applications as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, offering enhanced capacity and stability compared with traditional graphite-based anodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects)
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Review

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20 pages, 7699 KiB  
Review
Improving Performance and Safety of Lithium Metal Batteries Through Surface Pretreatment Strategies
by Gyuri Youk, Jeongmin Kim and Oh B. Chae
Energies 2025, 18(2), 261; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18020261 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1131
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for electric vehicles (EVs) and next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy densities. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li metal anode plays an important role in influencing the Li deposition form and [...] Read more.
Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are promising candidates for electric vehicles (EVs) and next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high energy densities. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the Li metal anode plays an important role in influencing the Li deposition form and the cycle life of the LMB. However, the SEI on Li metal differs from that for other anodes, such as graphite, owing to its instability and reactivity. In addition, dendrite growth has hindered the commercial application of Li metal batteries in regular portable electronics to EVs. This review summarizes SEI formation on Li metal, dendrite formation and growth, and their impact on battery performance. In addition, we reviewed the recent progress in pretreatment strategies using materials such as polymers, carbon materials, and inorganic compounds to suppress dendritic growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects)
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26 pages, 3786 KiB  
Review
Advances in Coating Materials for Silicon-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes
by Hyesu Nam, Wonyoung Song and Oh B. Chae
Energies 2024, 17(19), 4970; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17194970 - 4 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3746
Abstract
Silicon anodes, which exhibit high theoretical capacity and very low operating potential, are promising as anode candidates that can satisfy the conditions currently required for secondary batteries. However, the low conductivity of silicon and the alloying/dealloying phenomena that occur during charging and discharging [...] Read more.
Silicon anodes, which exhibit high theoretical capacity and very low operating potential, are promising as anode candidates that can satisfy the conditions currently required for secondary batteries. However, the low conductivity of silicon and the alloying/dealloying phenomena that occur during charging and discharging cause sizeable volume expansion with side reactions; moreover, various electrochemical issues result in inferior cycling performance. Therefore, many strategies have been proposed to mitigate these problems, with the most commonly used method being the use of nanosized silicon. However, this approach leads to another electrochemical limitation—that is, an increase in side reactions due to the large surface area. These problems can effectively be resolved using coating strategies. Therefore, to address the issues faced by silicon anodes in lithium-ion batteries, this review comprehensively discusses various coating materials and the related synthesis methods. In this review, the electrochemical properties of silicon-based anodes are outlined according to the application of various coating materials such as carbon, inorganic (including metal-, metal oxide-, and nitride-based) materials, and polymer. Additionally, double shells introduced using two materials for double coatings exhibit more complementary electrochemical properties than those of their single-layer counterparts. The strategy involving the application of a coating is expected to have a positive effect on the commercialization of silicon-based anodes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects)
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15 pages, 3096 KiB  
Review
A Novel Biogenic Silicon-Based Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Review
by Ntalane Sello Seroka, Hongze Luo and Lindiwe Khotseng
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3520; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143520 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1667
Abstract
Silicon possesses a 10-fold specific capacity compared to commonly used carbon-based anodes. The volume instability, among other impediments for practical use of silicon anodes, leads to the rapid decay of the capacity because of poor cyclability. Urgent mechanisms are required to improve lithium-ion [...] Read more.
Silicon possesses a 10-fold specific capacity compared to commonly used carbon-based anodes. The volume instability, among other impediments for practical use of silicon anodes, leads to the rapid decay of the capacity because of poor cyclability. Urgent mechanisms are required to improve lithium-ion storage during cycling and prevent volume variation in the silicon structure. Biogenic silicon derived from sugarcane bagasse can be used in nanoelectronic devices. Over the years, electrode materials have been an essential part of battery components. Moreover, electrode materials are favourable for highly portable nanoelectronics, hybrid as well as pure electric vehicles, etc. Furthermore, the biogenic silicon chosen for this study was based on natural abundance, environmental friendliness, and affordability. However, most silicon anodes are hindered by unstable volume expansion, variation in solid electrolyte interface films, and poor electrical conductivity. The focus is on silicon anodes, recent developments, and the potential of biogenic silicon from sugarcane waste, exploring its physicochemical properties to meet the requirements of a suitable anode material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries: Developments, Challenges, and Prospects)
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