Advances in Millimeter-Wave Cellular Networks

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Microwave and Wireless Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 5695

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
SigCom, SnT, University of Luxembourg, L-1855 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Interests: physical layer of wireless telecommunications; MIMO systems; array beamforming; transceiver design

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Guest Editor
1. Digital Systems, University of Piraeus, Piraeus, Greece
2. Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 5010 Kozani, Greece
Interests: wireless communications; wireless networks
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The congestion of the bandwidth scarce sub-6 GHz spectrum has rendered the migration to the millimeter-wave spectrum (30–300 GHz) for the forthcoming 5G and beyond cellular networks an essential feature. Currently, millimeter-wave bands are primarily used for wireless networks of diverse topologies, such as backhaul/fronthaul, fixed, and adhoc-wireless access corresponding ones. Such networks are subject to strong line-of-sight conditions and leverage highly-directional antennas that compensate for the high channel attenuation.

As far as millimeter-wave cellular networks are concerned, they need to ensure uninterrupted, reliable, and high-data-rate multi-user access. As a consequence, they pose significant challenges. In particular, the need for multi-user connectivity requires the investigation of new beamforming schemes that in turn create the need for novel channel estimation, signal combining, and detection approaches. Furthermore, power-constraints in combination with the quality-of-experience and range requirements necessitate new transceiver designs. Moreover, the mobile nature of the corresponding networks and the higher susceptibility of these bands to blockages could render the communication intermittent, which is going to substantially compromise the high reliability required in future networks if no solutions are brought forward. In addition, the inherent directionality of millimeter-wave links and the user equipment mobility necessitate advancements in areas such as dynamic-cell formation, cell-free architectures, low-complexity beam steering and tracking algorithmic design, cooperation through relaying and device-to-device (D2D) communications, fast handover algorithms in dense networks, highly accurate channel estimation and modeling, efficient network management, etc.

In this context, this Special Issue will report on new advancements in millimeter-wave cellular networks that include, but are not limited to, the following topics:

  • Novel application scenarios and key performance indicators (KPIs)
  • Transceiver and antenna design
  • Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and beamforming schemes
  • Mobility management approaches with emphasis on beam steering and tracking
  • Medium access control (MAC) and radio resource management (RRM) protocol design
  • Cooperative communications, e.g. relaying, D2D
  • Dynamic cells and cell-free architecture
  • Ultra-dense (UDN) networks
  • Channel and transceiver hardware impairment models
  • Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces
  • Artificial intelligence (AI)-based approaches for system and network optimization
  • Performance analysis, optimization, and information-theoretic limits
  • Demonstrators and testbeds
  • Optimization methods
  • Internet of Things (IoT)
  • Network planning
  • Green network design
  • Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting approaches

Dr. Konstantinos Ntontin 
Dr. Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • 5G
  • 6G
  • artificial intelligence
  • beamforming
  • beyond 5G
  • cell-free
  • channel estimation
  • channel modeling
  • dynamic cells
  • machine learning
  • medium access control
  • millimeter wave
  • mobility management
  • theoretical framework
  • ultra-dense networks

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 5508 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Handover Decision Using Fuzzy Logic for 5G Ultra-Dense Networks
by Wen-Shyang Hwang, Teng-Yu Cheng, Yan-Jing Wu and Ming-Hua Cheng
Electronics 2022, 11(20), 3278; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203278 - 12 Oct 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
With the explosive increase in traffic volume in fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless networks, an ultra-dense network (UDN) architecture, composed of highly concentrated millimeter-wave base stations within the fourth-generation (4G) system, has been developed. User equipment (UE) may encounter more frequent handover opportunities when [...] Read more.
With the explosive increase in traffic volume in fifth-generation (5G) mobile wireless networks, an ultra-dense network (UDN) architecture, composed of highly concentrated millimeter-wave base stations within the fourth-generation (4G) system, has been developed. User equipment (UE) may encounter more frequent handover opportunities when moving in a UDN. Conventional handover schemes are too simple to adapt to the diverse handover scenarios encountered in 5G UDNs because they consider only UE signal strength. Unnecessary handovers aggravate the ping-pong effect and degrade the quality of service of cellular networks. Fuzzy logic (FL) is considered the best technique to unravel the handover problem in a high-density scenario of small cells for 4G/5G networks. In this paper, we propose an FL-based handover scheme to dynamically adjust the values of two handover parameters, namely handover margin (HOM) and time to trigger (TTT), with respect to each UE. The proposed scheme, abbreviated as FLDHDT, has dynamic adjustment of TTT in addition to HOM by using the signal to interference plus noise ratio and horizontal moving speed of the UE as inputs to the FL controller. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of FLDHDT, we perform simulations using the well-known ns-3 simulator. The performance measures include the number of handovers, overall system throughput, and ping-pong ratio. The simulation results demonstrate that FLDHDT improves the handover performance of 5G UDNs in terms of the number of handovers, ping-pong ratio, and overall system throughput compared to a conventional handover scheme, namely Event A3, and an FL-based handover scheme with dynamic adjustment of only HOM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Millimeter-Wave Cellular Networks)
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14 pages, 4602 KiB  
Article
Effect of Phase Noise on the Optical Millimeter-Wave Signal in the DWDM-RoF System
by Rawa Muayad Mahmood, Syamsuri Yaakob, Faisul Arif Ahmad, Siti Barirah Ahmad Anas, Muhammad Zamzuri Abdul Kadir and Mohd Rashidi Che Beson
Electronics 2022, 11(3), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11030489 - 8 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2326
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of phase noise on the optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in a dense wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (DWDM-RoF) system. A single modulator was used to generate the optical mm-wave signal in the DWDM-RoF system. This paper addresses [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined the effect of phase noise on the optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in a dense wavelength division multiplexing radio-over-fiber (DWDM-RoF) system. A single modulator was used to generate the optical mm-wave signal in the DWDM-RoF system. This paper addresses the impact of phase noise, which results from phase imbalance, on the optical mm-wave signal. To lower the effect of phase noise on the optical mm-wave signal, the phase imbalance should be controlled. The phase imbalance can be controlled and decreased by adjusting the phase at the phase shift (PS). The system performance was analyzed using various parameters such as bit error rate (BER), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), and error vector magnitude (EVM). From the results, we found the phase imbalance affected the optical mm-wave signal due to the imbalanced splitting of the signal intensity at the MZM. The phase imbalance impacts the phase noise, which impacts the optical mm-wave signal. The phase noise could be decreased by controlling the phase imbalance at the phase of 5π/12. The best results at the phase of 5π/12 were collected for phase noise at 0.02 degrees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Millimeter-Wave Cellular Networks)
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