Wildlife Population Genetics, Evolution and Conservation: From Theory to Practice

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2023) | Viewed by 3130

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
2. The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
Interests: biodiversity; conservation genetics; conservation biology; evolutionary biology; molecular ecology

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Co-Guest Editor
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban PA37 1QA, UK
Interests: biodiversity; environmental DNA; evolutionary genetics; population genetics; molecular ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of maintaining and protecting the genetic diversity of wildlife populations to secure their long-term survival is increasingly recognised. However, genetic information is not yet routinely implemented in wildlife management programmes or used to inform conservation policy despite substantial technological advances to generate and analyse genetic data in a more cost and time-effective manner and concurrent greater understanding of genetic processes linked to the fate of wild populations. This gap in the adoption of genetics into wildlife management could widen with the current transition in research from conservation genetics to conservation genomics. Therefore, it is important to identify existing barriers for the effective translation of conservation genetics and genomics research into practical conservation practice. This Special Issue will highlight successful case studies on the implementation of genetic data into wildlife conservation and management programmes and discuss the current challenges faced by researchers and practitioners in bridging the gap between genetics research and its implementation in wildlife conservation and policymaking. For this Special Issue, we welcome contributions from all relevant communities and stakeholders to provide an overview of current challenges and to identify potential solutions to achieve routinely implementation of genetic data in wildlife conservation and management.

Dr. Silvia Perez-Espona
Dr. Will Goodall-Copestake
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1411 KiB  
Article
Investigating an Unknown Biodiversity: Evidence of Distinct Lineages of the Endemic Chola Guitarfish Pseudobatos percellens Walbaum, 1792 in the Western Atlantic Ocean
by Vanessa P. Cruz, Matheus M. Rotundo, Patrícia Charvet, Beatriz R. Boza, Bruno C. Souza, Najila N. C. D. Cerqueira, Claudio Oliveira, Rosângela Lessa and Fausto Foresti
Diversity 2023, 15(3), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15030344 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1363
Abstract
Anthropogenic actions have affected marine species for a long time, through overexploitation of natural stocks and habitat degradation, influencing the life strategies of several taxa, especially rays and sharks, which have suffered significant population declines in recent years. Therefore, conservation actions and stock [...] Read more.
Anthropogenic actions have affected marine species for a long time, through overexploitation of natural stocks and habitat degradation, influencing the life strategies of several taxa, especially rays and sharks, which have suffered significant population declines in recent years. Therefore, conservation actions and stock management have become paramount. In this regard, chola guitarfish, Pseudobatos percellens, distributed throughout the Brazilian coast, is often commercially fished by local artisanal fleets or as by-catch in shrimp trawl fisheries. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the genetic diversity of P. percellens throughout the Brazilian coast, using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic analyses employing 3329 SNPs revealed a hidden biodiversity within P. percellens, with at least one lineage occurring in the Northern and Northeastern regions and another distributed in the Southeastern/Southern Brazilian coast, with high genetic differentiation between them. However, the Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) indicated the presence of in fact three lineages distributed in these regions that must still be better investigated. Therefore, to ensure adequate conservation of chola guitarfish biodiversity, populations must be managed separately along the Brazilian coast. Furthermore, the need for a taxonomic review for this group is noted. Full article
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16 pages, 1501 KiB  
Article
Native Population Structure beyond Hatchery Introgression in the Endemic Sicilian Trout
by Nuria Sanz, Rosa-Maria Araguas, Monica Giampiccolo and Antonino Duchi
Diversity 2023, 15(2), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15020274 - 14 Feb 2023
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Abstract
Brown trout populations living in the limit of the distribution of the species face challenging environmental conditions. In islands, this vulnerable situation is exacerbated by geographical isolation. Sicilian trout persist only in the south-eastern part of the island and, based on their morphological [...] Read more.
Brown trout populations living in the limit of the distribution of the species face challenging environmental conditions. In islands, this vulnerable situation is exacerbated by geographical isolation. Sicilian trout persist only in the south-eastern part of the island and, based on their morphological characteristics, they have been recognized as a distinct species named Salmo cettii. We present the most extensive genetic study on Sicilian trout, based on 213 individuals from nine different streams in four basins. Sequencing of the mitochondrial control region and genotyping of the LDH-C* locus and eight microsatellite markers were carried out to evaluate hatchery introgression from past stocking practices in natural populations and to estimate the gene diversity distribution in populations. Results showed that only trout from the Tellesimo River remained free of hatchery introgression. Gene diversity was low in this native population, but increased in the rest of the samples, probably because of the introduction of hatchery genes. Despite the high level of introgression, the distribution of gene diversity depicted a clear natural pattern of population structure related to the hydrographic hierarchy. Because they represent long evolutionary histories, Sicilian trout populations should be considered of high conservation priority and managed according to at least four different genetic units. Full article
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