Amphibian and Reptile Adaptation: Biodiversity and Monitoring

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 758

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
Interests: ecology; behaviour and conservation of amphibians and reptiles

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Guest Editor
National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
Interests: herpetology of Europe; species and ecosystem conservation; ecophysiology; behavioral ecology; GIS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Amphibians and reptiles are distributed on all continents except Antarctica, and occur in a variety of habitats, from rainforests to deserts. In recent decades, their populations around the globe have faced mounting pressure from climate change, disease, habitat loss, pollution, and the impacts of invasive species. Understanding the physiological, behavioural, and ecological adaptations that enable these species to survive or even thrive in diverse and often challenging conditions is paramount for their conservation and the development and application of monitoring methods, such as long-term population surveys, remote sensing, and environmental DNA analysis, is needed to track the health status of species populations, their distribution and diversity. This knowledge could be used for informing effective conservation strategies for preservation of global biodiversity and the stability of ecosystems.

This Special Issue is dedicated to research focused on monitoring the biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles from a regional scale (understanding and comparing population dynamics and interactions) to a global scale (how the life history characteristics of species in different parts of the world can contribute to their conservation).

We encourage experimental studies with novel, non-invasive monitoring methods that provide valuable new data on species phenology and adaptive capabilities, but review studies that analyse existing data to produce new knowledge are also welcome.

Dr. Simeon P. Lukanov
Dr. Georgi Popgeorgiev
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • climate change
  • conservation
  • disease
  • ecological factors
  • environment
  • habitat loss
  • population dynamics
  • pollution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3369 KiB  
Article
Correlation Between Individual Body Condition and Seasonal Activity in Buresch’s Crested Newt, Triturus ivanbureschi
by Simeon Lukanov and Irena Atanasova
Diversity 2025, 17(5), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17050350 - 15 May 2025
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Abstract
Body condition is a standard measure of the individual fitness and health status in many animal species and is typically estimated by calculating the body condition indices (BCIs). The present study used capture/recapture data and the BCIs to test whether the activity (number [...] Read more.
Body condition is a standard measure of the individual fitness and health status in many animal species and is typically estimated by calculating the body condition indices (BCIs). The present study used capture/recapture data and the BCIs to test whether the activity (number of times an individual has been recaptured) of adult T. ivanbureschi was related to individual body condition. For three consecutive seasons, we set funnel traps in a temporary pond near Sofia, Bulgaria. A ventral pattern was used for individual identification, and the linear regression of lnMass/lnSVL was used for BCI calculation. The overall recapture rate for the population was 52.52%, with males recaptured more often than females. Activity and estimated population size varied across seasons. Body condition generally decreased towards the end of the aquatic phase in all years, with females consistently maintaining higher BCIs than males. There was no relationship between mean BCI per session and population activity for either sex, but individual BCI scores were correlated with individual activity, and this relationship was independent of both sex and temperature. The results suggest that winter activity may carry energetic costs later in the season and highlight potential sex-based differences in aquatic behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amphibian and Reptile Adaptation: Biodiversity and Monitoring)
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5 pages, 2431 KiB  
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A Documented Case of Ichthyophagy in the Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus) and Its Implications for Toxinology
by Tim Lüddecke
Diversity 2025, 17(5), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/d17050326 - 30 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease, and the high potency of snake venoms has been evolutionary refined for trophic interactions. Hence, understanding the feeding ecology of snakes is a major element needed to meaningfully interpret toxinological data gathered for snake toxins. However, the [...] Read more.
Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease, and the high potency of snake venoms has been evolutionary refined for trophic interactions. Hence, understanding the feeding ecology of snakes is a major element needed to meaningfully interpret toxinological data gathered for snake toxins. However, the diet of several medically important snakes is vastly understudied. Here, the first case of in situ observed ichthyophagy in the Malayan Krait (Bungarus candidus), a highly venomous Asian elapid, which is supposedly an ophiophagous specialist, is reported. This report has important repercussions for Krait toxinology as it shows that fish as prey need to be considered when analyzing their venoms in light of eco-evolutionary and functional studies. It also suggests that this snake may be more trophically opportunistic than previously thought, which must be taken into account when calculating distribution ranges in the context of snakebite analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Amphibian and Reptile Adaptation: Biodiversity and Monitoring)
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