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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Infective Endocarditis in Cardiac Prosthesis and Devices
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Infective Endocarditis in Cardiac Prosthesis and Devices

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 1045

Special Issue Editors

Dr. José Alberto San Román-Calvar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: infective endocarditis; valvular surgical prosthesis; TAVRs; cardiac electronic implantable devices; left ventricular assist devices
Dr. Javier López-Díaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Servicio de Cardiología, Instituto de Ciencias del Corazón (ICICOR), Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
Interests: infective endocarditis; valvular surgical prosthesis; TAVRs; cardiac electronic implantable devices; left ventricular assist devices

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will deal with a common yet important clinical problem that currently lacks sufficient evidence. It will comprise works dealing with infections of valvular surgical prosthesis, TAVRs, cardiac electronic implantable devices, left ventricular assist devices, or other prosthesis and devices less frequently used.

Dr. José Alberto San Román-Calvar
Dr. Javier López-Díaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infective endocarditis
  • valvular surgical prosthesis
  • TAVRs
  • cardiac electronic implantable devices
  • left ventricular assist devices

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 642 KB  
Article
Clinical Profile of a Series of Left-Sided Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: Revisiting Surgical Indications
by Adrián Lozano Ibáñez, Javier López Díaz, María de Miguel Álava, Gonzalo Cabezón Villalba, Andrea Oña Orive, Daniel Gómez-Ramírez, Patricia Landín, Daniel Pérez-Camargo, Sofía Campillo, Itziar Gómez-Salvador, Carmen Sáez, Carmen Olmos, Isidre Vilacosta and J. Alberto San Román
Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 426; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030426 - 1 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) carries a high morbidity and mortality. Surgery is classically indicated for heart failure, uncontrolled infection, or prevention of embolic events; however, evidence supporting surgery for “non-classical” indications—such as Staphylococcus aureus infection, non-HACEK Gram-negative bacteria, or early PVE—remains limited. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) carries a high morbidity and mortality. Surgery is classically indicated for heart failure, uncontrolled infection, or prevention of embolic events; however, evidence supporting surgery for “non-classical” indications—such as Staphylococcus aureus infection, non-HACEK Gram-negative bacteria, or early PVE—remains limited. This study aimed to update the clinical and prognostic profile of PVE and assess the impact of surgery, particularly in patients with non-classical surgical indications. Methods: We prospectively included all definite left-sided PVE cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2024 at three tertiary centers. Clinical, microbiological, echocardiographic, and prognostic data were analyzed and compared. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified using multivariable logistic regression, and Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare 1-year survival according to surgical indications. Results: Among 589 patients with left-sided PVE, 61% underwent surgery, and in-hospital mortality was 31%. Independent mortality predictors were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, periannular complications, S. aureus infection, and poor clinical condition at admission. Non-classical surgical indications were present in 38% of patients, although only 28 (5%) of them had no other surgical indication. These patients exhibited lower mortality (14%) and no survival benefit from surgery (10% vs. 17%; p 0.999). Conclusions: PVE remains associated with high mortality. Surgery improves survival in patients with classical surgical indications but not in patients with non-classical indications, supporting individualized surgical decisions by a multidisciplinary endocarditis team. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infective Endocarditis in Cardiac Prosthesis and Devices)
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14 pages, 1015 KB  
Article
False-Positive PET Uptake in Left Atrial Appendage Closure Devices Due to Postoperative Inflammatory Response
by Marta Hernández-Meneses, Guillermo Cuervo, Marta Tormo-Ratera, Manuel Castellà, Marta Maristany, José María Tolosana, Eduard Quintana, Carlos Falces, Barbara Vidal, Cristina Garcia-de-la-Mària, María-Alexandra Cañas, Jaime Llopis, Asunción Moreno, José María Miró, Andrés Perissinotti, on behalf of the Hospital Clinic Endocarditis Study Group  and Clínic Barcelona Nuclear Medicine Group
Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020200 - 8 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular infections. However, increased radiotracer uptake can also be observed in non-infectious inflammatory processes, leading to potential false positives. This study analyzed the uptake related to left atrial appendage closure [...] Read more.
Background: Positron emission tomography (PET) is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of cardiovascular infections. However, increased radiotracer uptake can also be observed in non-infectious inflammatory processes, leading to potential false positives. This study analyzed the uptake related to left atrial appendage closure devices (LAACD—AtriClip®) to determine its association with infectious or inflammatory processes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 28 PET/CT scans from 20 patients with implanted LAACDs: 24 using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 4 using 18F-Choline (CHO). Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were reviewed, and PET uptake was measured semi-quantitatively. All patients had at least 12 months of follow-up after PET imaging to assess for evidence of device-related infection. Results: Homogeneous PET uptake in the LAACD was observed in 93% (26/28) of the PET studies, regardless of the radiotracer used, clinical indication, or time since implantation. Clinical follow-up and laboratory findings revealed no signs of infection related to the LAACD in any case. SUV ratios did not differ significantly between the three PET indication groups (infection, neoplasia, or other; p = 0.46), nor between scans performed in patients with and without other confirmed infections unrelated to the LAACD (p = 0.37). Conclusions: FDG and CHO uptake in LAACDs appears to be a consistent and reproducible finding, most likely reflecting a sterile inflammatory response postoperative inflammatory uptake rather than true infection. Clear recognition of this uptake pattern is important to prevent misinterpretation and reduce the risk of false-positive PET/CT results in patients evaluated for suspected cardiovascular infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infective Endocarditis in Cardiac Prosthesis and Devices)
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