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Diagnostics
Special Issues
Diagnosis and Management of Emergency and Critical Illness
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Diagnosis and Management of Emergency and Critical Illness

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Diagnosis and Prognosis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 713

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yi Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Emergency Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Interests: emergency medicine; critical illness

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emergency and critical illnesses are characterized by acute onset and diverse etiologies, making rapid diagnosis and precise therapeutic management crucial for patient prognosis. This Special Issue focuses on exploring innovative strategies and technological advancements that enhance the efficacy and accuracy of diagnosing and managing life-threatening conditions in emergency and critical care settings.

We aim to gather research that addresses the integration of novel diagnostic tools, decision-support systems, and treatment protocols that can be deployed swiftly in time-sensitive scenarios. We welcome submissions of Original Research, Reviews, Case Reports, Interesting Images, and Comments that contribute to the understanding and improvement of clinical outcomes in this high-stakes field. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: the application of artificial intelligence in triage and early diagnosis; point-of-care testing and monitoring; protocolized management of sepsis, acute cardiac events, traumatic injuries, acute abdomen; and the role of imaging and biomarkers in guiding critical interventions.

By compiling cutting-edge research and clinical experiences, this issue seeks to provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers dedicated to advancing the frontiers of emergency and critical care medicine.

Prof. Dr. Yi Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emergency medicine
  • critical illness
  • rapid diagnosis
  • sepsis
  • acute cardiac events
  • acute abdomen
  • traumatic injuries
  • clinical toxicology
  • clinical images
  • biomarkers

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1001 KB  
Article
Association of Arterial PaCO2 with the Survival of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
by Lei Chang, Ling Jia, Yue Xu, Yali Qian, Shaodong Zhao, Yanqun Sun, Xuhua Ge and Hongjun Miao
Diagnostics 2026, 16(3), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16030489 - 5 Feb 2026
Viewed by 494
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is associated with a high mortality. This study aimed to explore the association of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in relation to survival outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with ARF. Methods: This [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is associated with a high mortality. This study aimed to explore the association of arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in relation to survival outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients with ARF. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study integrated the data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD; n = 10,946), the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV; n = 6683), and clinical records from two university-affiliated intensive care units in China (n = 410). The patients were categorized into low, normal, and high PaCO2 groups using a restricted cubic spline model to explore the relationship between PaCO2 and mortality. The 28-day survival distributions among the three groups were compared using Kaplan–Meier curves, with statistical significance assessed via the log-rank test. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was constructed to evaluate the independent prognostic value of PaCO2 for multiple complications. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the low and high PaCO2 groups relative to the normal PaCO2 group. Results: A U-shaped relationship was observed between PaCO2 and mortality, with both low PaCO2 (<36.4 mmHg) and high PaCO2 (>57.9 mmHg) associated with an increased mortality risk. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated that patients in the intermediate PaCO2 range (36.4–57.9 mmHg) exhibited the highest survival rate (65.2%), whereas those in the low and high PaCO2 groups had significantly lower survival rates (60.0% and 63.2%) (log-rank test, p < 0.001). Adjusted survival analyses further revealed that complications such as sepsis and chronic kidney disease significantly influenced the mortality across PaCO2 strata. Compared with the intermediate PaCO2 group, the hazard of death increased by 25.5% in the low PaCO2 group and by 18.9% in the high PaCO2 group. Conclusions: This retrospective analysis indicates that arterial PaCO2 levels within the optimal range are associated with improved survival in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) on mechanical ventilation, but prospective studies are needed to establish causality and consider potential confounding factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Management of Emergency and Critical Illness)
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