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Precision Diagnostics in Gynecologic Health and Disease

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2026) | Viewed by 940

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Tumor Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Interests: gynecology; pathology; molecular; ovarian cancer; endometrial cancer; diagnostics; clinicopathologic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecological diseases represent a diverse spectrum of benign and malignant conditions that profoundly impact women’s health and quality of life across all stages of life. In recent years, rapid advances in imaging technologies, molecular diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and minimally invasive techniques have been reshaping and rapidly transforming the diagnostic landscape—facilitating earlier detection, more precise disease characterization, and individualized treatment planning.

Pathology remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, providing definitive confirmation, grading, and staging of gynecologic diseases. The integration of advanced histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular pathology with modern imaging and laboratory tools is enabling more accurate disease classification and guiding tailored therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue, Precision Diagnostics in Gynecologic Health and Disease, aims to showcase recent progress and innovative strategies in diagnosing a wide range of conditions—from prevalent disorders such as endometriosis, adenomyosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome to rare malignancies and complex congenital anomalies. We invite and welcome original research articles, comprehensive reviews, and illustrative case reports that present novel diagnostic approaches, interdisciplinary methodologies, and the integration of artificial intelligence, omics platforms, advanced imaging, and pathology into clinical practice.

By bringing together state-of-the-art research and expert perspectives, this Special Issue seeks to deepen our understanding of gynecological disease mechanisms, enhance diagnostic precision, refine diagnostic accuracy and ultimately improve patient care and outcomes on a global scale.

Prof. Dr. Ayse Ayhan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gynecologic diseases
  • diagnostic imaging
  • pathology
  • molecular diagnostic techniques
  • biomarkers
  • artificial intelligence
  • endometriosis
  • adenomyosis
  • precision medicine
  • minimally invasive surgery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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16 pages, 1815 KB  
Case Report
Paratubal Leiomyoma Mimicking Ovarian Malignancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Wen-Lin Hsieh and Dah-Ching Ding
Diagnostics 2026, 16(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics16020218 - 9 Jan 2026
Viewed by 634
Abstract
Background and Clinical Significance: A paratubal leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare benign smooth muscle tumor arising from paratubal tissue, with only sporadic cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 72-year-old postmenopausal woman with intermittent spotting [...] Read more.
Background and Clinical Significance: A paratubal leiomyoma is an exceptionally rare benign smooth muscle tumor arising from paratubal tissue, with only sporadic cases reported in the literature. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 72-year-old postmenopausal woman with intermittent spotting for three months. A pelvic examination revealed a retained intrauterine device, which was removed along with an old sanguineous discharge. A transvaginal ultrasound demonstrated a complex left adnexal mass with calcifications, and computed tomography (CT) confirmed a 7.8 × 5.5 × 4.7 cm lesion suggestive of an ovarian malignancy. Tumor markers showed mildly elevated CA-125 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Endometrial sampling using a hysteroscopy and curettage revealed hyperplasia without atypia. The patient underwent a total laparoscopic hysterectomy with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. A diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a well-circumscribed solid mass arising from the mesosalpinx, separate from the ovary and fallopian tube and consistent with a paratubal mass, which was successfully excised laparoscopically. Frozen sections suggested a fibroma, and the final pathology confirmed a paratubal leiomyoma with hyalinization, accompanied by adenomyosis and simple endometrial hyperplasia. The patient recovered uneventfully, and the 6-month follow-up showed no recurrence. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of differentiating paratubal leiomyomas from ovarian tumors based on imaging alone. Histopathological examination is essential for confirmation. Conclusions: Awareness of paratubal leiomyomas as a differential diagnosis may prevent overtreatment and guide the appropriate surgical management of postmenopausal women presenting with adnexal masses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Diagnostics in Gynecologic Health and Disease)
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