Crystallization of High-Performance Metallic Materials (3rd Edition)

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 163

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 23, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: microstructure and property correlation of engineering materials; thermophysical property analysis; in situ characterization; sustainable metallurgy; chemical engineering
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue “Crystallization of High-Performance Metallic Materials (2nd Edition)” in Crystals has attracted widespread attention from the metallurgy and materials science community. (Please check https://www.mdpi.com/journal/crystals/special_issues/2570V36CKU). We invite the submission of contributions to a third volume of this issue to continue the collection of research and review articles on the crystallization of high-performance metallic materials. Crystallization refers to the process by which a solid phase forms, where atoms or molecules are highly organized into a known structure, such as a crystal in the matrix. The crystallization of metallic materials typically refers to the solid form during solidification and the subsequent transition phase. Several fundamental aspects of thermodynamics and kinetics need to be considered for the crystallization mechanism. During the solidification process, a variety of crystalline morphologies can be observed, such as columnar and equiaxed crystals and dendrites. This understanding of solidification can be applied to the casting process as an industrial crystallization. Subsequently, crystallization behaviours can also refer to the evolution of microstructures in solid-state materials, e.g., austenite decomposition in low-alloy steels. Nucleation and growth, as well as interfacial phenomena, are two scientific issues in the crystallization process. The current Special Issue focuses on crystallization behaviours in high-performance metallic materials. Both solidification and solid-phase transformation are considered, and conventional construction materials (steel or high-temperature alloys) and novel alloy grades (high-entropy alloys) are included. State-of-the-art characterization methods as well as simulation and modelling work regarding crystallization are included. Finally, particle behaviours associated with crystallization, i.e., non-metallic inclusion and precipitate behaviours during solidification and post-processing in high-performance alloys, are included. In addition, considerations are given to the crystallization of slag and the heat flux used during metal manufacturing. Authors from academia and the industry are, therefore, invited to submit their original research and review contributions on the crystallization of high-performance metallic materials to the current Special Issue.

Dr. Wangzhong Mu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • solidification of steel and alloys
  • casting process
  • solid phase transformation
  • high-performance metallic materials
  • in situ characterization
  • nucleation and growth in metals
  • inclusion/precipitate engineering in steel and alloys
  • slag and flux engineering
  • thermodynamics and kinetics of crystallization
  • process–structure–property correlation in alloys

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 10887 KB  
Article
The Effect of Bulk Nucleation Parameters on the Solidification Structure of Large Slabs During Electroslag Remelting and Optimization of Production Process Parameters
by Qi Li, Yu Du, Zhenquan Jing and Yanhui Sun
Crystals 2025, 15(12), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst15121052 - 11 Dec 2025
Abstract
In this paper, the moving heat transfer boundary method is adopted to establish a three-dimensional solidification microstructure model based on the coupling technology of the cellular automata method (CA) and finite element method (FE), simulate the ingot growth process, and optimize the nucleation [...] Read more.
In this paper, the moving heat transfer boundary method is adopted to establish a three-dimensional solidification microstructure model based on the coupling technology of the cellular automata method (CA) and finite element method (FE), simulate the ingot growth process, and optimize the nucleation parameters. In addition, this study also explored the influence of process parameters such as melting rate, molten pool temperature, and cooling intensity on the solidification structure of ingots, providing a theoretical basis for process optimization. The results show that the maximum nucleation undercooling degree and the maximum nucleation density have significant effects on different crystal regions of the ingot solidification structure, while the maximum nucleation variance has no obvious effect on the changes in the solidification structure. When the maximum bulk nucleus undercooling degree ΔTv,max = 4 K, the bulk nucleus standard deviation ΔTv,σ = 5 K, and the maximum bulk nucleus density nv,max = 3 × 107, the simulation results of the solidification structure can be well consistent with the experimental results. With the increase in smelting speed, the number of grains in the ingot structure gradually increases, while the average area of grains gradually decreases. The melting temperature and the intensity of side wall cooling have no obvious influence on the solidification structure of the ingot. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of High-Performance Metallic Materials (3rd Edition))
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