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Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings
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Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Thin Films".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 11995

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sven Schröder

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Guest Editor
Department of Functional Surfaces and Coatings, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Optics and Precision Engineering (IOF), Albert-Einstein-Str. 7, 07745 Jena, Germany
Interests: optics; thin films; thin film deposition; thin films and nanotechnology; material characterization; optics and photonics; optical physics; thin film fabrication; nanostructured materials; surface characterization
Dr. Lars Jensen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hollerithallee 8, 30419 Hannover, Germany
Interests: interaction mechanisms between laser radiation and dielectric media, especially thin films; damage phenomena in optical components; optical losses in dielectric coatings; qualification of optics for use in outer space; development of measurement methods for optics characterization and their transfer into standards
Prof. Xinbin Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Precision Optical Engineering, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
Interests: optics; laser; thin films and nanotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We would like to invite you to submit your work to a Special Issue on “Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings”.

In recent decades, optical thin films and interference coatings have become an essential part of most optical components. In many cases, coatings do not only improve the performance of optical elements but play a decisive role in meeting the target requirements. The progress in optical applications most often involves increasing demands on coatings and sometimes even new requirements or challenging combinations of requirements. This ranges from antireflective properties over increasingly large spectral bands for hyperspectral optical systems, high-power laser coatings with an improved damage threshold and long-term stability, multifunctional coatings combining optical with other functionalities like self-cleaning, and coatings for space applications with enhanced thermal and radiation stability to narrow-band spectral filters with extremely steep edges and out-of-band suppression. The coatings can be anorganic, organic, or hybrid materials, single thin films or complex multilayer systems for applications in the visible down to the extreme ultraviolet and up to the far infrared regions. In this Special Issue of Coatings we will try to gather contributions discussing the latest developments and current challenges in the field of optical coatings.

In particular, the topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Advances in optical coating deposition technologies;
  • Design, manufacturing, and metrology strategies;
  • Coatings for high-power lasers;
  • Extremely low-loss coatings;
  • Defect and contamination reduction and resistance;
  • Coatings for space applications;
  • Coatings with enhanced environmental stability (temperature stability, abrasive-resistant, radiation-resistant, etc.);
  • Coatings for consumer and automotive applications;
  • Coatings for freeform optics;
  • Crystalline optics;
  • Structured coatings (multilayer gratings, AR structures, metasurfaces).

Dr. Sven Schröder
Dr. Lars Jensen
Prof. Xinbin Cheng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3539 KiB  
Article
Broadband Anti-Reflection Coatings Fabricated by Precise Time-Controlled and Oblique-Angle Deposition Methods
by Xin Guo, Xiangqian Quan, Zizheng Li, Qiang Li, Binzhi Zhang, Xin Zhang and Chi Song
Coatings 2021, 11(5), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11050492 - 22 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2859
Abstract
Broadband anti-reflection (AR) coatings are essential elements for improving the photocurrent generation of photovoltaic modules and enhancing visibility in optical devices. In this paper, we report a hybrid-structured, anti-reflection coating that combines multi-layer thin films with a single top-oblique deposited layer. By simply [...] Read more.
Broadband anti-reflection (AR) coatings are essential elements for improving the photocurrent generation of photovoltaic modules and enhancing visibility in optical devices. In this paper, we report a hybrid-structured, anti-reflection coating that combines multi-layer thin films with a single top-oblique deposited layer. By simply introducing this low-refractive index layer, the broadband anti-reflection properties of optical thin films can be improved while simplifying the preparation. Precise time-controlled and oblique-angle deposition (OAD) methods were used to fabricate the broadband AR coating. By accurately measuring and adjusting the design errors for the thin and thick film layers, 22-layer and 36-layer AR coatings on a sapphire substrate with a 400–2000 nm wideband were obtained. This bottom-up preparation process and AR coating design have the potential to significantly enhance the broadband antireflective properties for many optical systems and reduce the manufacturing cost of broadband AR coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings)
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11 pages, 4319 KiB  
Article
Internal Structure and Temporal Stability of Hard X-ray Pd/B4C Multilayer Mirrors under Different Humidity Environments
by Genchang Liu, Qiushi Huang, Runze Qi, Hangjian Ni, Yufei Feng, Zhong Zhang and Zhanshan Wang
Coatings 2021, 11(3), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030262 - 24 Feb 2021
Viewed by 1293
Abstract
Pd/B4C multilayers with 2.5 nm of d-spacing and thick Si and B4C capping layers were fabricated to study temporal stability under storage in different environments with relative humidity of 10% and 50%. The two stored samples were investigated using [...] Read more.
Pd/B4C multilayers with 2.5 nm of d-spacing and thick Si and B4C capping layers were fabricated to study temporal stability under storage in different environments with relative humidity of 10% and 50%. The two stored samples were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray reflectometry (GIXR), X-ray scattering (XRS), an optical microscope, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The GIXR results showed that the reflectivity of the samples under 10% humidity and 50% humidity dropped by 3% and 8%, respectively, after 13 months. The optical microscope showed that the surface of the 10% humidity sample was smooth and undamaged, whereas the surface of the 50% humidity sample significantly eroded. TEM showed that the internal multilayer structure of the sample stored in 10% humidity was well protected by the capping layers. For the sample stored in 50% humidity, a major part of the Si and B4C capping layers were wrinkled and delaminated, and some surface layers of the multilayer structure were degraded with severe diffusion of boron. The XPS results showed a relatively large amount of oxygen in the B4C capping layer of the 50% humidity sample, and an obvious oxidation of the boron was found in the B4C capping layer and the surface of the multilayer. The severe oxidation and diffusion of boron and the delamination of the capping layers caused the degradation of the Pd/B4C multilayers stored in 50% humidity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings)
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23 pages, 33348 KiB  
Article
Influence of Substrate Materials on Nucleation and Properties of Iridium Thin Films Grown by ALD
by Paul Schmitt, Vivek Beladiya, Nadja Felde, Pallabi Paul, Felix Otto, Torsten Fritz, Andreas Tünnermann and Adriana V. Szeghalmi
Coatings 2021, 11(2), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020173 - 2 Feb 2021
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5719
Abstract
Ultra-thin metallic films are widely applied in optics and microelectronics. However, their properties differ significantly from the bulk material and depend on the substrate material. The nucleation, film growth, and layer properties of atomic layer deposited (ALD) iridium thin films are evaluated on [...] Read more.
Ultra-thin metallic films are widely applied in optics and microelectronics. However, their properties differ significantly from the bulk material and depend on the substrate material. The nucleation, film growth, and layer properties of atomic layer deposited (ALD) iridium thin films are evaluated on silicon wafers, BK7, fused silica, SiO2, TiO2, Ta2O5, Al2O3, HfO2, Ru, Cr, Mo, and graphite to understand the influence of various substrate materials. This comprehensive study was carried out using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, X-ray reflectivity and diffraction, four-point probe resistivity and contact angle measurements, tape tests, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Within few ALD cycles, iridium islands occur on all substrates. Nevertheless, their size, shape, and distribution depend on the substrate. Ultra-thin (almost) closed Ir layers grow on a Ta2O5 seed layer after 100 cycles corresponding to about 5 nm film thickness. In contrast, the growth on Al2O3 and HfO2 is strongly inhibited. The iridium growth on silicon wafers is overall linear. On BK7, fused silica, SiO2, TiO2, Ta2O5, Ru, Cr, and graphite, three different growth regimes are distinguishable. The surface free energy of the substrates correlates with their iridium nucleation delay. Our work, therefore, demonstrates that substrates can significantly tailor the properties of ultra-thin films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings)
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12 pages, 5414 KiB  
Article
Improvement of the Microstructure and X-ray Performance of Ultrathin Ru/C Multilayer Mirror after High Temperature Treatment
by Yang Liu, Qiushi Huang, Runze Qi, Liangxing Xiao, Zhong Zhang and Zhanshan Wang
Coatings 2021, 11(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010045 - 5 Jan 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Ru/C multilayer mirrors with a period of 2.5 nm and 150 bilayers were studied under high-temperature annealing and long-term storage. A general increase in the reflectivity was observed after annealing at different temperatures from 300 to 700 °C, during which a maximum enhancement [...] Read more.
Ru/C multilayer mirrors with a period of 2.5 nm and 150 bilayers were studied under high-temperature annealing and long-term storage. A general increase in the reflectivity was observed after annealing at different temperatures from 300 to 700 °C, during which a maximum enhancement of around 14% was obtained at 600 °C. The highest reflectance measured at 8 keV reached 69% after 600 °C annealing. This was accompanied by a 6% expansion of the layer period, which could be mainly attributed to carbon layers. The surface roughness was not affected by the annealing, whereas the polycrystallization of Ru with crystallographic planes parallel to the layer interfaces was enhanced. Combining the transmission-electron microscopy measurements, it was found that the interdiffusion at the C-on-Ru interface was significantly suppressed. The decreased interdiffusion, enhanced optical contrast, and larger multilayer period were the main reasons for the increased reflectance. The 600 °C annealed Ru/C multilayer remained intact after 13 months of storage in air, which also demonstrated significant temporal stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films Coatings)
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