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Current Developments and Future Trends in Congenital Heart Diseases Interventional...
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Current Developments and Future Trends in Congenital Heart Diseases Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2025 | Viewed by 1802

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mario Giordano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", AORN "Ospedali dei Colli", Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
Interests: pediatric cardiology; adult congenital heart diseases; interventional cardiology of congenital heart diseases
Dr. Raffaella Marzullo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, “Ospedali dei Colli”, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
Interests: pediatric cardiology; adult congenital heart diseases; interventional cardiology of congenital heart diseases
Dr. Gianpiero Gaio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, “Ospedali dei Colli”, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
Interests: pediatric cardiology; adult congenital heart diseases; interventional cardiology of congenital heart diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The advances and progress technology of interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery have improved the prognosis and the life expectancy of the patients with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). The aim and scope of this Special Issue is to highlight the current developments and future trends in congenital heart diseases interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery. This Special Issue supports high quality research in this field. The journal suggests publishing original research; however, even metanalysis, systematic review, experts’ review, or original case series are relevant. Original research on the comparison of interventional versus surgical treatment of some CHD or the long-term follow-up of recent interventional or surgical approaches is particularly relevant.

Dr. Mario Giordano
Dr. Raffaella Marzullo
Dr. Gianpiero Gaio
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • congenital heart disease
  • cardiac surgery
  • interventional cardiology
  • pediatric cardiology

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 877 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Ventricular Abnormalities in Children with Idiopathic Ventricular Extrasystoles
by Rita Kunigeliene, Odeta Kinciniene, Germanas Marinskis and Vytautas Usonis
Children 2025, 12(2), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12020206 - 9 Feb 2025
Viewed by 684
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ventricular extrasystoles, which are the most common arrhythmias in healthy children and adolescents, could be a reliable factor for the prognosis of structural heart diseases. However, extrasystoles arising in hearts with primary myocardial diseases or channelopathies might cause life-threatening events [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Ventricular extrasystoles, which are the most common arrhythmias in healthy children and adolescents, could be a reliable factor for the prognosis of structural heart diseases. However, extrasystoles arising in hearts with primary myocardial diseases or channelopathies might cause life-threatening events or be associated with arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy. The relationship between ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular abnormalities in children remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence of ventricular abnormalities in children with ventricular extrasystoles. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of pediatric outpatients in Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Clinics because of ventricular extrasystoles. The inclusion criteria were 3–18-year-old children with more than 5% extrasystoles per 24 h. The exclusion criteria were previous diagnoses of congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathies, and channelopathies. We reviewed the results of electrocardiography, cardiac imaging, and cardiogenetic tests. Results: In total, 131 patients (55.7% males) were included from a database of 915 patients, of whom 79.4% ventricular extrasystoles were found incidentally. Ventricular extrasystoles were monomorphic—95.4%, multiform—4.6%, and consecutive—29.8%. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 22.9% of patients with one-third of the pathological findings (ventricular dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis). Ventricular dysfunction was associated with a higher frequency of ventricular extrasystoles, with a median highest frequency of 26.5% per 24 h. Cardiogenetic testing was performed on only five (3.8%) patients, and RyR2 mutation was detected in one. Conclusions: According to our results, ventricular dysfunction was strongly associated with a higher burden of ventricular extrasystoles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments and Future Trends in Congenital Heart Diseases Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery)
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Review

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13 pages, 4749 KiB  
Review
A Staged Biventricular Approach Combining the Starnes and Cone Procedures in Ebstein’s Anomaly: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Paul Linnenbank, Daniel Biermann, Eike Philipp Schneider, Ida Hüners, Nora Lang, Fridrike Stute, Thomas S. Mir, Michael Hübler, Rainer Kozlik-Feldmann and Jakob Olfe
Children 2025, 12(6), 782; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12060782 - 16 Jun 2025
Viewed by 201
Abstract
Background: Severe neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) is associated with a high risk of mortality. A new therapeutic approach aims to combine the advantages of Starnes’ procedure in stabilizing critically ill neonates with the long-term superiority of biventricular physiology after cone reconstruction. Case report [...] Read more.
Background: Severe neonatal Ebstein’s anomaly (EA) is associated with a high risk of mortality. A new therapeutic approach aims to combine the advantages of Starnes’ procedure in stabilizing critically ill neonates with the long-term superiority of biventricular physiology after cone reconstruction. Case report: The echocardiography of a male preterm (36 weeks’ gestation; birth weight 2400 g) demonstrated EA Carpentier type C, membranous pulmonary atresia, and hypoplastic pulmonary arteries (PAs). After undergoing the Starnes procedure postnatally, multiple dilatations of the AP shunt and the Starnes fenestration followed. Cone reconstruction was performed at 15 months of age. Surgical revision addressed tricuspid and pulmonary valve insufficiency and PA bifurcation stenosis. Subsequently, PA branch stenosis with severe impairment of right ventricular function and dilatation required stent implantation. At the last follow-up, at 3 years of age, the patient was asymptomatic with sufficient exercise tolerance. Discussion: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery recently recommended evaluating all Starnes patients for potential conversion to cone. Consequently, the Starnes procedure should be modified to facilitate subsequent biventricular correction. Both the optimal timing of conversion and the appropriate assessment to reliably evaluate feasibility and the prospects for success require further investigation. Conclusions: Conversion from Starnes to cone is technically feasible, even in cases of severe EA, prematurity, low birth weight, and additional cardiac comorbidities, and provides promising initial results. Further research is needed to define candidacy and the optimal timing of conversion, and to assess long-term outcomes. The high therapeutic effort and complexity make this treatment approach suitable only for quaternary centers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments and Future Trends in Congenital Heart Diseases Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery)
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18 pages, 9804 KiB  
Review
Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation in Congenital Heart Diseases: Current Advances and Future Prospectives
by Mario Giordano, Raffaella Marzullo, Gianpiero Gaio, Maurizio Cappelli Bigazzi, Giovanni Domenico Ciriello, Maria Teresa Palladino, Berardo Sarubbi and Maria Giovanna Russo
Children 2025, 12(5), 547; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050547 - 24 Apr 2025
Viewed by 581
Abstract
Pulmonary disfunction is frequent in repaired congenital heart diseases. Both pulmonary regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis are possible complications over time. In the past, the surgical approach was the only feasible management but exposed the patient to a redo-surgery with its consequent risks. Nowadays, [...] Read more.
Pulmonary disfunction is frequent in repaired congenital heart diseases. Both pulmonary regurgitation and pulmonary stenosis are possible complications over time. In the past, the surgical approach was the only feasible management but exposed the patient to a redo-surgery with its consequent risks. Nowadays, the development of novel devices and techniques has made possible a transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation. The Melody Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve (TPV) (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) and the Edwards Sapien XT and S3 Transcatheter Heart Valve (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine, CA, USA) are balloon-expandable valvular bioprostheses approved for pulmonary position. Venus P-Valve (Venus Medtech, Shanghai, China) and Harmony TPV (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) are self-expandable pulmonary valves. Alterra Adaptive Prestent (Edwards Lifesciences LLC, Irvine, CA, USA) is an hourglass self-expandable stent that reduces the size of large right ventricular outflow tracts, creating a suitable landing zone to implant an Edwards Sapien S3 THV 29 mm. Novel stents and percutaneous valves are being planned and experimented with to widen the field of transcatheter approach. The aim of this review is to describe both the current approaches, strategies, and techniques as well as the future perspective to deal with the patients with significant pulmonary stenosis and/or regurgitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Developments and Future Trends in Congenital Heart Diseases Interventional Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery)
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