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Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives,...
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Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Photocatalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 6383

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Laura Tummino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Italian National Research Council, Corso G. Pella 16, 13900 Biella, Italy
Interests: perovskite catalysts; (photo-) catalysis; water remediation; biomasses; adsorption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rufino Navarro Yerga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (CSIC), C/Marie Curie 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis; catalytic hydrogen production; catalytic steam reforming; catalytic partial oxidation; WGS; SCR-NOx; photocatalytic hydrogen production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following a successful first edition, we are pleased to announce the launch of the second edition of a Special Issue entitled "Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives".

In recent years, photocatalytic processes have been profusely proposed for the decontamination of air and water from organic and inorganic pollutants, as well as for disinfection. The scientific interest in this topic is ever-growing, as evidenced by the number of publications, citations, and international conferences dedicated to this topic.

Realistically, the fundamental knowledge of these processes and their potential has increased enormously, and the scientific community is now ready to evaluate the translation of these concepts into the scale-up development toward practical and industrial application. We are now in the challenging period in which laboratory investigations of these promising technologies should be the sound basis for the design of commercial plants. Several parameters must be analyzed in this context, including the modulation of activity towards specific contaminants, reactor configuration (batch or continuous), irradiation sources (wavelength and power), the stability of the photocatalysts, byproduct formation, the scale-up of photocatalyst synthesis procedures (cost and availability of raw materials, development of the preparation procedure toward higher productivity), the impact on the scale-up of other synergetic technologies (ultrasound, ozone, Fenton, chemicals addition), etc.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect papers that report research focused on any possible development of photocatalytic processes in air and water remediation. 

Both theoretical and applied studies (focusing on investigating catalysts in realistic environments and improving stability) are of interest. Additionally relevant are reports that detail new possible plant and reactor configuration and simulation studies. The hope is to compile a set of manuscripts that contribute to the development of the state-of-the-art to transform laboratory studies in final concrete applications, following the principle “our recent studies, your future technologies”.

Dr. Maria Laura Tummino
Dr. Rufino Navarro Yerga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photocatalytic processes
  • photocatalysis
  • photocatalysts
  • water depollution
  • air depollution
  • scale-up
  • reactors
  • material preparation
  • processes flow diagrams
  • reactor modeling
  • simulation software
  • economic analysis
  • process development

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4907 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic Efficacy and Degradation Kinetics of Chitosan-Loaded Ce-TiO2 Nanocomposite towards for Rhodamine B Dye
by Anish Clastin Indira, Jaya Rajan Muthaian, Muthirulan Pandi, Faruq Mohammad, Hamad A. Al-Lohedan and Ahmed A. Soleiman
Catalysts 2023, 13(12), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13121506 - 11 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1171
Abstract
The recent advancement in the production of nanomaterials with novel architectures and functionality has allowed for the effective treatment of industrial wastewaters and contaminated soil and, in that view, the current study aimed to investigate the catalytic efficacy of biopolymer-loaded titanium nanocomposite. Therefore, [...] Read more.
The recent advancement in the production of nanomaterials with novel architectures and functionality has allowed for the effective treatment of industrial wastewaters and contaminated soil and, in that view, the current study aimed to investigate the catalytic efficacy of biopolymer-loaded titanium nanocomposite. Therefore, Cerium (Ce)-titanium dioxide (TiO2) loaded chitosan nanocomposite was formed and studied its catalytic efficacy towards the degradation of an industrial dye pollutant. For the production of Ce-TiO2/chitosan nanocomposite, we followed the hydrothermal synthesis route and the formed nanocomposite was thoroughly analyzed for the crystallinity (using powdered X-ray diffraction, XRD), surface bonding, and nature (using Fourier transform infrared, FTIR spectroscopy), morphology (scanning electron microscopy, SEM), elemental composition (electron diffraction analysis by X-rays, EDAX), porosity (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, BET), and particles size in powdered form (transmission electron microscopy, TEM). Then the efficiency of synthesized nanocomposite was tested towards the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) dye by applying various parameters such as the irradiation time, solution pH, catalyst dosage, and the dye concentration. Further, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model was employed to investigate the kinetics of RhB degradation and provided a conceivable photocatalytic mechanism. It was indicated based on the catalyst mechanism that the modification of TiO2 nanoparticles with Ce and loading onto chitosan biopolymer may have accelerated the photocurrent transport due to an increase in the number of electrons and holes generated by the photon’s irradiation. In this way, the study has witnessed the excellent photocatalytic performance of Ce-TiO2/chitosan with 95% Rh B degradation as against the pure TiO2 nanoparticles thus stressing the importance of developing novel composite photocatalysts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 7934 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Activities of a Nickel(II)-Bipyridine Complex-Modified Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite: Synthesis and Characterization
by Ganeshraja Ayyakannu Sundaram, Prasanth Ravikumar, Lavanya Ramesh, Hema Kesavan, Siva Padma Devi Sadhasivam, Santhana Krishna Kumar Alagarsamy and Junhu Wang
Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081200 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1303
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to synthesize and characterize a nickel(II) complex-modified graphene oxide (Ni-GO) nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. The nanocomposite was prepared through a modified Hummer’s method, followed by an adsorption technique using the precursor complex [Ni(bipy)3]Cl [...] Read more.
In this study, we aimed to synthesize and characterize a nickel(II) complex-modified graphene oxide (Ni-GO) nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. The nanocomposite was prepared through a modified Hummer’s method, followed by an adsorption technique using the precursor complex [Ni(bipy)3]Cl2·5H2O, which was preferentially adsorbed onto the graphene oxide (GO) surface. The surface interaction between the nickel complex ions and GO was characterized using various analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, DRS, and XPS analyses. Photoluminescence analysis demonstrated the fluorescence property of the prepared composite. The DRS spectra indicated that the adsorption of composite particles extended to the visible region, making it excitable by visible light. The photocatalytic activity of the Ni-GO nanocomposite was tested by studying the degradation of an organic model pollutant, Rhodamine B dye, under real sunlight irradiation. The introduction of the Ni(II) complex onto the GO surface matrix intensified the photocatalytic property, making it more efficient under direct sunlight exposure. Comparisons with pristine graphite and GO revealed that Ni-GO exhibited enhanced photocatalytic potential. Additionally, we have evaluated the antimicrobial property of the Ni(II) complex-modified GO against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results demonstrated that both the Ni(II) precursor complex and Ni-GO nanocomposite possessed an excellent antimicrobial efficacy, suggesting their potential use in antimicrobial applications. The synthesis and characterization of the Ni(II) complex-modified GO nanocomposite presented in this study showed promising results for both ameliorative photocatalytic and antimicrobial activities. These findings indicated the potential utility of Ni-GO as an efficient photocatalyst and antimicrobial agent, surpassing the performance of pristine graphite and GO. This research opens up new avenues for the development of advanced nanocomposites with diverse applications in environmental remediation and biomedical fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 5679 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytic Degradation of Ciprofloxacin with Supramolecular Materials Consisting of Nitrogenous Organic Cations and Metal Salts
by Chenfei Ren, Jian Li, Xingxing Zhang and Yunyin Niu
Catalysts 2023, 13(7), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071134 - 21 Jul 2023
Viewed by 915
Abstract
The design and synthesis of composite materials with new structures/properties have important practical significance for the degradation of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. On this basis, five new supramolecular materials {[L1]2·[Cu4I8]}(1), {[L1 [...] Read more.
The design and synthesis of composite materials with new structures/properties have important practical significance for the degradation of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. On this basis, five new supramolecular materials {[L1]2·[Cu4I8]}(1), {[L1]2·[Ag4I8]}(2), {[L2]·[ZnBr4]}(3), {[L3]2·[AgI5]}(4), {[L3]·[CdBr3Cl]}(5) were synthesized by introducing an amino group into a series of nitrogen-containing cationic ligands (L1–L3) through the reaction of polybromomethylbenzene with 4-aminopyridine. The degradation effect of catalysts 1–5 on ciprofloxacin (CIP) under visible light was studied using their potential catalytic properties. The results showed that compounds 1 and 4 had better degradation effects compared to other compounds. Moreover, compounds 1 and 4 were proved to be excellent catalysts for the photocatalytic degradation of CIP with cyclic experiments. Through further exploration, it was found that neutral conditions and 20 mg compound dosage were more conducive to the photodegradation of CIP by the compound. Through free radical capture experiments, it was found that ·OH played a major role in the photodegradation of CIP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3220 KiB  
Article
Photocatalytically Active Semiconductor Cu3P Unites with Flocculent TiN for Efficient Removal of Sulfamethoxazole
by Huancong Shi, Xulei Yao, Shijian Lu, Yuanhui Zuo, Tao Zheng and Liangquan Jia
Catalysts 2023, 13(2), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13020291 - 28 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole is a widely—used antibiotic with high water solubility and low biodegradability, which was considered a refractory environmental pollutant. Hence, a series of functionalized hybrids uniting Cu3P with TiN were prepared. The Cu3P/TiN—x composites remarkably removed the sulfamethoxazole in [...] Read more.
Sulfamethoxazole is a widely—used antibiotic with high water solubility and low biodegradability, which was considered a refractory environmental pollutant. Hence, a series of functionalized hybrids uniting Cu3P with TiN were prepared. The Cu3P/TiN—x composites remarkably removed the sulfamethoxazole in solution compared with Cu3P and TiN alone. All the as—prepared Cu3P/TiN—x hybrids integrated the advantages of strong adsorption and photocatalysis and achieved removal rates above 70% of sulfamethoxazole. Among the composites, the Cu3P/TiN—2 with a 1:1 molar ratio of Cu: Ti reached a 90% removal rate under dark adsorption for 30 min and subsequent photodegradation for 120 min. The enhanced performance of the Cu3P/TiN—x composites is attributed to the introduced flocculent TiN with a large specific surface area and high conductivity that provide more reactive sites and high electron transferability. Meanwhile, the strong corrosion resistance and chemical stability were also beneficial to the improved performance. Cycling experiments further demonstrate the stability and reliability of the composites. In addition, the capture experiments indicated that the superoxide radical (·O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) played a major role in sulfamethoxazole degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 4920 KiB  
Article
Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalyst Performances of Floral Bi2O3/TiO2 Composite
by Mingjun Wang, Che Li, Bingfang Liu, Wenzhen Qin and Yu Xie
Catalysts 2022, 12(12), 1635; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12121635 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
Heterojunction photocatalytic materials show excellent performance in degrading toxic pollutants. This study investigates the influence of calcination temperature on the performances of floral Bi2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst crystal, which was prepared with glycerol, bismuth nitrate, and titanium tetrachloride as [...] Read more.
Heterojunction photocatalytic materials show excellent performance in degrading toxic pollutants. This study investigates the influence of calcination temperature on the performances of floral Bi2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst crystal, which was prepared with glycerol, bismuth nitrate, and titanium tetrachloride as the major raw materials via the solvothermal method. XRD, SEM/TEM, BET, Uv-vis, and XPS were employed to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, band gap, and surface chemical structure of the calcined temperature catalysts. The calcination temperature influence on the catalytic performance of composite photocatalysis was tested with rhodamine B (RhB) as the degradation object. The results revealed the high catalytic activity and higher photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst. The degradation efficiency of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst to RhB was 97%, 100%, and 91% at 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C calcination temperatures, respectively, in which the peak degradation activity appeared at 450 °C. The characterization results show that the appropriate calcination temperature promoted the crystallization of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst, increased its specific surface area and the active sites of catalytic reaction, and improved the separation efficiency of electrons and holes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Air and Water Purification Processes through Photocatalysis: Scale Up Perspectives, 2nd Edition)
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