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Genetic Predisposition to Hematological Malignancies

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Cancer Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2026 | Viewed by 662

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
Interests: acute leukemias; oncogenic fusions and chromosomal translocations; epigenetic regulation; cancer genomics and transcriptomics; precision medicine in hematology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genetic predisposition critically influences the risk and clinical course of hematological malignancies. A growing body of evidence highlights the contribution of germline variants to leukemia susceptibility, often manifesting through family history, congenital anomalies, unexplained cytopenias, or unusual responses to therapy. These variants may arise de novo but in many cases are inherited and passed down over generations. Most predisposition syndromes follow an autosomal dominant inheritance with variable penetrance, while autosomal recessive and X-linked conditions, such as bone marrow failure and immune deficiency syndromes, also confer a substantial risk of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Unlike sporadic cases, germline predisposition affects all cells of the body and therefore has far-reaching clinical and familial implications. This Special Issue will bring together recent advances in the field, from molecular mechanisms to diagnostic strategies, and explore the implications for genetic counseling, patient care, and precision medicine.

Dr. Danika Di Giacomo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • leukemia predisposition
  • germline variants
  • inherited syndromes
  • myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)
  • acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • precision medicine

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1380 KB  
Article
Elevated Allele Frequency of a Common Germline LAG3 Variant Associated with Anemia, Thrombocytopenia and Peripheral Blast Percentage in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
by Katja Seipel, Inna Shaforostova, Elisa Tarozzi, Marie-Noelle Kronig, Ulrike Bacher and Thomas Pabst
Cancers 2026, 18(10), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18101671 - 21 May 2026
Viewed by 373
Abstract
Background: Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) are immune checkpoint receptors and inhibitory regulators of T-cells. Methods: Here, we analyzed the prevalence and potential impact of the LAG3 gene variant rs870849 and the CTLA4 gene variant rs231775 [...] Read more.
Background: Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) are immune checkpoint receptors and inhibitory regulators of T-cells. Methods: Here, we analyzed the prevalence and potential impact of the LAG3 gene variant rs870849 and the CTLA4 gene variant rs231775 in AML patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation. Results: While CTLA4 rs231775 was prevalent at reduced minor allele frequencies (MAF 0.33), LAG3 rs870849 was prevalent at elevated minor allele frequencies (MAF 0.58) in AML patients, compared to the allele frequencies in the European population (MAF 0.37 and MAF 0.39). The gene risk analysis indicated a dose-dependent risk of AML disease associated with LAG3 rs870849, but no risk associated with CTLA4 rs231775. Baseline blood count profiles differed across LAG3 genotypes, suggesting a link between LAG3 rs870849 and disease-associated levels of anemia, thrombocytopenia and peripheral blast percentage. Conslusions: The germline LAG3 variant rs870849 may be associated with AML disease risk and specific hematological disease features. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetic Predisposition to Hematological Malignancies)
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