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Cancers
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Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies
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Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Transplant Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 2470

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marina Díaz-Beyá

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Guest Editor
Hematology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: acute myeloid leukemia; myelodysplastic syndrome; chronic myelomonocytic leukemia; VEXAS syndrome
Dr. Maria Queralt Salas

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Guest Editor
Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: hematopoietic cell transplantation; acute myeloid leukemia; graft-versus host disease and supportive care

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a vital treatment for various hematologic malignancies. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of allo-HCT, focusing on key topics such as patient selection, conditioning regimens and the integration of immunotherapies and targeted treatments that are reshaping care practices.

Emphasis will be placed on the importance of minimal residual disease (MRD) as a critical marker for predicting transplant outcomes. Advances in MRD detection techniques allow for more precise monitoring, enabling clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from pre-emptive treatments to reduce relapse rates. We will also evaluate different prophylaxis regimens for preventing disease and managing graft-versus-host disease.

Additionally, we welcome real-world data studies that provide insights into the safety, effectiveness sand practicality of allo-HCT across various patient populations. Investigations exploring GVHD prophylaxis and the safety and effectiveness of using specific transplant platforms, focusing on preventing infectious complications and enhancing patient care, are also sought for this present collection.

By fostering dialogue among researchers and clinicians, this Special Issue seeks to enhance our understanding of the complexities of allo-HCT in hematologic malignancies and improve patient care.

We welcome research articles and reviews that highlight both basic and clinical aspects of HCT in this dynamic field.

Dr. Marina Díaz-Beyá
Dr. Maria Queralt Salas
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
  • hematologic malignancies
  • minimal residual disease
  • patient selection
  • conditioning regimens
  • graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis
  • immunotherapy
  • targeted treatments
  • real-world data
  • acute myeloid leukemia
  • myelodysplastic syndrome
  • chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
  • allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5989 KiB  
Article
Lack of Evidence Supporting a Significant Benefit of Pre-Transplant Consolidation Therapy in AML CR2 Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
by Meng Lv, Ting Huang, Xiao-Dong Mo, Yu-Qian Sun, Ying-Jun Chang, Lan-Ping Xu, Xiao-Hui Zhang, Xiao-Jun Huang and Yu Wang
Cancers 2025, 17(8), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081364 - 19 Apr 2025
Viewed by 251
Abstract
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a well-established curative treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second complete remission (CR2). However, whether the addition of consolidation chemotherapy after achieving CR2 can improve transplant outcomes remains controversial. Methods: In [...] Read more.
Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a well-established curative treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in second complete remission (CR2). However, whether the addition of consolidation chemotherapy after achieving CR2 can improve transplant outcomes remains controversial. Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we analyzed consecutive AML patients who underwent their first HSCT in CR2 at our institution between January 2015 and December 2019. Results: For the consolidation (n = 72) and no consolidation groups (n = 63), the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was (17.6% vs. 19.9%; p = 0.54), the 5-year non-relapse mortality rate (NRM) was (9.7% vs. 17.5%; p = 0.20), the 5-year leukemia-free survival (LFS) was (72.7% vs. 62.7%; p = 0.15), and the 5-year overall survival (OS) was (81.9% vs. 68.3%; p = 0.08). Additional consolidation therapy to achieve negative measurable residual disease (MRD) did not result in significantly improved outcomes compared to immediate HSCT in MRD positive status, with similar LFS (76.9% vs. 67.0%, p = 0.2) and OS (88.3% vs. 75.0%, p = 0.14). Multivariable analysis indicated that consolidation chemotherapy did not significantly affect CIR, NRM, LFS, or OS. Conclusions: Our findings suggest no significant differences in clinical outcomes between the groups, indicating that AML patients in CR2 might proceed to HSCT without delay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies)
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16 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide-Based Prophylaxis and Its Impact on Infectious Complications and Immune Reconstitution According to Donor Type
by Beatriz Merchán-Muñoz, María Suárez-Lledó, Luis Gerardo Rodríguez-Lobato, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Antonio Gallardo-Pizarro, Paola Charry, Joan Cid, Miquel Lozano, Alexandra Pedraza, Alexandra Martínez-Roca, Ares Guardia, Laia Guardia, Cristina Moreno, Enric Carreras, Laura Rosiñol, Carolina García-Vidal, Francesc Fernández-Avilés, Carmen Martínez, Montserrat Rovira and María Queralt Salas
Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071109 - 26 Mar 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated infectious complications and immune reconstitution in 253 adults undergoing peripheral blood allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY)-based GVHD prophylaxis. Methods: Patients received grafts from HLA-matched donors (47.4%), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD, 33.2%), or haploidentical donors (19.4%). [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study evaluated infectious complications and immune reconstitution in 253 adults undergoing peripheral blood allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY)-based GVHD prophylaxis. Methods: Patients received grafts from HLA-matched donors (47.4%), mismatched unrelated donors (MMUD, 33.2%), or haploidentical donors (19.4%). Results: The estimated 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 11.8%, 26.4%, and 22.4%, respectively (p = 0.0528). The cumulative incidence (Cum.Inc) of acute and chronic GVHD, immunosuppression duration, and post-transplant outcomes were similar across donor types. The day +30 Cum.Inc of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) tended to be higher in HLA-matched transplants (49.2%, p = 0.073), while HHV-6 reactivation showed a trend toward higher frequency in haploidentical transplants (22.4%, p = 0.068). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation occurred between days +30 and +100, with the highest Cum.Inc in MMUD (59.5%, p = 0.033). BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis showed a trend toward higher incidence in MMUD (22.3%, p = 0.056). Respiratory and fungal infections were most frequent in the first 100 days, with comparable rates across donor types. By day +180, most patients achieved immune reconstitution, with normalization of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and IgG levels, independent of donor type. Conclusions: Patients undergoing allo-HCT with PTCY-based prophylaxis experience a high infectious density rate early post-transplant, which decreases after 6 months as immune reconstitution progresses, regardless of donor type. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies)
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15 pages, 934 KiB  
Article
Exploring Outcomes by Ethnicity in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
by Elizabeth Herrity, Sanjay Singhabahu, Mats Remberger, Tommy Alfaro Moya, Igor Novitzky Basso, Ivan Pasic, Wilson Lam, Arjun D. Law, Auro Viswabandya, Armin Gerbitz, Rajat Kumar, Dennis D. Kim, Jeffrey H. Lipton, Jonas Mattsson and Fotios V. Michelis
Cancers 2025, 17(4), 651; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17040651 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Background: Clinical outcome disparities among racial and ethnic groups have been described following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This study investigated the impact of race and ethnicity on HCT outcomes in a multi-ethnic single-center population. Methods: We analyzed outcomes of 709 allogeneic HCT [...] Read more.
Background: Clinical outcome disparities among racial and ethnic groups have been described following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). This study investigated the impact of race and ethnicity on HCT outcomes in a multi-ethnic single-center population. Methods: We analyzed outcomes of 709 allogeneic HCT patients, stratified by racial and ethnic groups, who underwent allogeneic HCT between January 2018 and April 2022. Outcomes examined included overall survival (OS), cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non-relapse mortality (NRM), and graft-versus-host disease/relapse-free survival (GRFS). Results: No significant differences in OS, CIR, NRM, GRFS, acute GVHD (aGVHD), or chronic GVHD (cGVHD) were observed. Significant differences in age, use of human leukocyte antigen-mismatched donors (HLA-MM), and HCT-CI comorbidity scores ≥ 3 across racial and ethnic groups were observed. Overall mean age was 58 years, with Black patients having the youngest mean age of 43 (range 22–73) and White patients the highest mean age of 59 (range 18–76) (p < 0.001). HCT-CI score ≥ 3 was seen in 35.9% of the entire cohort, varying by race and ethnicity: 60.5% in Black, 41.4% in South Asian, 31.5% in White, and 29.0% in East Asian patients (p < 0.001). Utilization of HLA-MM donors (including haploidentical) was 29.2% overall, with highest frequencies in Black (65.1%) and East Asian (45%) patients, and lowest in White patients (20.4%) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were observed across self-identified racial and ethnic groups regarding age, HCT-CI ≥ 3, and the use of HLA-MM donors. However, post-allogeneic HCT outcomes did not differ significantly by race or ethnicity. Larger prospective trials are warranted to validate our findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies)
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17 pages, 1676 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Nutritional Status in Patients Undergoing Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation or CAR-T Therapy: A Retrospective Observational Study
by Roberto Regazzoni, Sergio Ferrante, Emanuela Morenghi, Diego Lopane, Manuela Pastore, Daniela Cattani, Simone Cosmai, Francesco Colotta, Elena Azzolini, Marco Sguanci, Giovanni Cangelosi, Luca Cozzaglio, Beatrice Mazzoleni and Stefano Mancin
Cancers 2025, 17(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17010079 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 877
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment for various hematological diseases but can lead to complications which increase malnutrition risk, particularly in allogeneic transplantation patients. This study evaluates the nutritional status evolution of patients undergoing HCT during hospitalization and follow-up. Methods: [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative treatment for various hematological diseases but can lead to complications which increase malnutrition risk, particularly in allogeneic transplantation patients. This study evaluates the nutritional status evolution of patients undergoing HCT during hospitalization and follow-up. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 365 patients, divided into two groups: 134 underwent allogeneic HCT, while 231 underwent autologous transplantation or CAR-T therapy. Nutritional status was evaluated using Body Mass Index (BMI), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria at four-time points: hospital admission, discharge, two-week follow-up, and one-month follow-up. Non-relapse-related complications were assessed based on hospital readmissions and reports during follow-up visits. Results: Patients experienced significant nutritional deterioration, with decreases in Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 0.001) and increases in Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) (p < 0.001) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) scores (p < 0.001), particularly among allogeneic transplant recipients (p = 0.025). Severe malnutrition or high malnutrition risk at discharge correlated with increased hospital readmissions during the follow-up (p = 0.024). Conclusions: The observed decline in nutritional status and its associated complications highlight the necessity of multidisciplinary interventions, such as nutritional prehabilitation programs and nutritional support protocols, to enhance clinical outcomes and reduce complications in HCT patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Use of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Hematologic Malignancies)
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