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High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings
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High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 4658

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yu Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: indoor environment; phase change; liquid cooling; refrigeration optimization and control; thermal management of confined spaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hong Shi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Energy & Power Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 2 Mengxi, Jingkou, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Interests: infrared stealth; heat transfer; battery cooling; environmental control; aircraft
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nianyong Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Interests: high-efficiency heat transfer; cooling; numerical simulation of heat transfer
Dr. Jun Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
Interests: heat transfer; thermal management; environmental control; heat recovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, as the strategies for reaching carbon peak and neutrality have advanced, energy-saving technologies in the construction sector have become increasingly crucial. Specifically, in the supply of cold and heat energy in buildings, efficient heat transfer reduces wasteful energy consumption and enhances system efficiency. At the final consumer stage of energy, efficient heat transfer ensures the precise delivery of cold and heat energy to individuals or the environment. Additionally, for specialized applications such as data centers, efficient heat transfer facilitates the rapid cooling of servers and ensures the system's safe and stable operation. Consequently, efficient heat transfer is a crucial strategy for building energy systems to achieve energy conservation and carbon reduction.

This Special Issue of Buildings will provide an overview of existing knowledge on new methods of heat transfer enhancement for buildings and environmental systems. We invite authors to submit original research, theoretical and experimental work, case studies and comprehensive review papers for possible publication. Topics relevant to this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following subjects:

  • New methods for energy saving in the performance of buildings;
  • Low-carbon methods and heat transfer pathways for the energy supply system in buildings;
  • Low-carbon methods and heat transfer pathways for the energy supply system inside buildings;
  • Materials with high heat parameters that can be used for buildings;
  • Digital methods applied to heat transfer enhancement in buildings;
  • Performance evaluation of high-efficiency building systems;
  • Heat transfer simulation in buildings;
  • High-efficiency heating and cooling in buildings;
  • The application of heat transfer equipment in specific buildings.

Dr. Yu Wang
Dr. Hong Shi
Dr. Nianyong Zhou
Dr. Jun Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat transfer technology
  • heat transfer enhancement
  • low-carbon technology
  • high-efficiency energy engineering
  • heating and cooling
  • materials for heat transfer
  • building simulation

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4033 KiB  
Article
Physical Property Calculation and Refrigeration Cycle Analysis of Mixed Refrigerant R32/R290
by Jindong Zhang, Haixian Zeng, Daniel Djeuda Djapa and Blaise Kevin Rugwizangoga
Buildings 2025, 15(7), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15071071 - 26 Mar 2025
Viewed by 380
Abstract
The adoption of eco-friendly refrigerants in air conditioning systems is crucial for advancing low-carbon architecture. The current refrigerant R410A, with its high global warming potential, underscores the need for sustainable alternatives that balance cooling efficiency and environmental impact. This study investigates a binary [...] Read more.
The adoption of eco-friendly refrigerants in air conditioning systems is crucial for advancing low-carbon architecture. The current refrigerant R410A, with its high global warming potential, underscores the need for sustainable alternatives that balance cooling efficiency and environmental impact. This study investigates a binary mixture of R32 and R290 as a potential replacement for R410A. Using the Peng–Robinson equation of state, the thermodynamic properties of the mixed refrigerant were calculated post-temperature glide, analyzing variations across different mixing ratios. A specific ratio of 0.3:0.7 (R32:R290) was identified as optimal, offering a balance between safety and performance, closely matching R410A’s properties. Simulations of the refrigeration cycle were conducted to assess the effects of condensation and evaporation temperatures, as well as subcooling and superheating, on system performance. Key findings reveal that the 0.3:0.7 mixture not only meets safety standards for central air conditioning but also demonstrates efficiency comparable to R410A. These results provide a robust theoretical foundation for the development of low-carbon air conditioning technologies, highlighting the potential of R32/R290 mixtures in reducing environmental impact while maintaining performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings)
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29 pages, 13219 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Plate Based on Orthogonal Test
by Zhengchao Yang, Qiufei Yao, Yu Wang, Junlong Gu, Zhichen Yu, Qipeng Li, Xiaoyi Sun and Xuejing Yang
Buildings 2025, 15(6), 905; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060905 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 611
Abstract
Microchannel liquid-cooled plates are widely used in high-performance electronic devices, but their heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics face complex challenges in the design process. In this paper, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate is designed, and the effects of velocity, aspect [...] Read more.
Microchannel liquid-cooled plates are widely used in high-performance electronic devices, but their heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics face complex challenges in the design process. In this paper, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel liquid-cooled plate is designed, and the effects of velocity, aspect ratio, and inlet/outlet forms on its heat transfer and pressure drop performance are investigated through orthogonal tests and numerical simulations. The results indicate that the velocity plays a crucial role in determining the plate’s performance. While increasing the velocity substantially enhances heat transfer efficiency, it also causes a steep rise in pressure drop. The aspect ratio has a lesser effect on the performance than the velocity, and smaller aspect ratios help to achieve a balance between thermal and flow properties. The comprehensive optimization of the inlet and outlet forms and velocity has a significant effect on the temperature uniformity and pressure drop, and the design of the cooling fluid inlet and outlet form of CM (side inlet and middle outlet) can effectively improve the temperature distribution and reduce the pressure drop at high velocity. The design parameters with the best overall performance are the aspect ratio of 2, the velocity of 0.5 m/s, and the CM inlet/outlet form (K2V0.5CM). Comparison with other design parameter sets verified that this parameter set showed significant advantages in cooling effect, temperature uniformity, flow and heat transfer performance. Finally, the correlation equation on Nu is established, and the simulated Nu as well as the calculated Nu are compared. In this thesis, a counter-flow rectangular microchannel cold plate is designed to optimize the flow rate, channel structure and other parameters through orthogonal tests to reduce the temperature gradient and balance the heat transfer and flow resistance to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation of 350 W CPU. This study provides an important reference for the structural optimization of microchannel liquid-cooled panels and the engineering application of high-efficiency heat dissipation systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings)
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23 pages, 9072 KiB  
Article
Energy-Saving and Decarbonization Design Optimization for School Canteen Buildings: A Case Study in Nanjing
by Yuhan Zhang, Kai Hu, Yankai Yang, Depeng Li, Tao Deng, Zhongping Hu and Yizhe Xu
Buildings 2025, 15(3), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030455 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 810
Abstract
In light of global climate change and China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, this study explores energy-saving and decarbonization design optimization for educational buildings, with a specific focus on a high school canteen in Nanjing. Through a comparative analysis of optimal energy-saving [...] Read more.
In light of global climate change and China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060, this study explores energy-saving and decarbonization design optimization for educational buildings, with a specific focus on a high school canteen in Nanjing. Through a comparative analysis of optimal energy-saving and lifecycle decarbonization retrofit schemes, the study aims to identify the performance differences and provide practical guidance for retrofitting educational buildings. The optimization process involves two separate single-objective optimizations: one aimed at minimizing annual total primary energy consumption (TES) and the other at minimizing lifecycle carbon emissions (E). Energy performance is simulated using EnergyPlus 23.1.0, while the Strengthened Elitist Genetic Algorithm (SEGA) is applied to optimize design variables such as insulation materials, window types, window-to-wall ratios (WWRs), and photovoltaic (PV) system configurations. The results reveal that the optimal energy-saving scheme achieves zero net energy consumption annually, generating a surplus of 20,625.2 kWh (15.05 kWh/m2). Conversely, the optimal decarbonization scheme achieves zero lifecycle carbon emissions, contributing a carbon reduction of 386,926.4 kg, albeit with a 28.83% higher lifecycle TES compared to the energy-saving scheme. This study underscores the distinctions between energy-saving and decarbonization retrofits and offers valuable insights for sustainable retrofitting of educational buildings in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings)
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18 pages, 10433 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study on Heat Dissipation Performance of Pure Immersion and Immersion Jet Liquid Cooling System for Single Server
by Linhui Yuan, Yu Wang, Risto Kosonen, Zhengchao Yang, Yingying Zhang and Xincheng Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2635; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092635 - 25 Aug 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
Heat dissipation has emerged as a critical challenge in server cooling due to the escalating number of servers within data centers. The potential of immersion jet technology to be applied in large-scale data center server operations remains unexplored. This paper introduces an innovative [...] Read more.
Heat dissipation has emerged as a critical challenge in server cooling due to the escalating number of servers within data centers. The potential of immersion jet technology to be applied in large-scale data center server operations remains unexplored. This paper introduces an innovative immersion jet liquid cooling system. The primary objective is to investigate the synergistic integration of immersion liquid cooling and jet cooling to enhance the heat dissipation capacity of server liquid cooling systems. By constructing a single-server liquid cooling test bench, this study compares the heat dissipation efficiencies of pure immersion and immersion jet liquid cooling systems and examines the impact of inlet water temperature, jet distance, and inlet water flow rate on system performance. The experimental outcomes show that the steady-state surface heat transfer coefficient of the immersion jet liquid cooling system is 2.6 times that of the pure immersion system, with increases of approximately 475.9 W/(m2·K) and 1745.0 W/(m2·K) upon adjustment of the jet distance and flow rate, respectively. Furthermore, the system model is streamlined through dimensional analysis, yielding a dimensionless relationship that encompasses parameters such as inlet water temperature, jet distance, and inlet water velocity. The correlation error is maintained below 18%, thereby enhancing the comprehension of the immersion jet cooling mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Efficiency Heat Transfer Technology in Buildings)
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