Optimization Control and Energy Conservation in Smart Heating Systems

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Energy, Physics, Environment, and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 August 2025 | Viewed by 1025

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Interests: district heating system; heat metering; heating control; energy economy; smart heating; Internet of Things (IoT) in energy engineering
School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
Interests: heating system modeling; model calibration; heating control and optimization; energy efficiency; energy systems; energy storage
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

District heating is an energy service based on customers directly moving heat from available heat sources to be immediately used. Today, the fundamental idea of district heating is to use local fuel or heat resources that would otherwise be wasted (such as excess heat from industrial processes or low-grade air and soil energy) to satisfy local customer demand for heating, using a heat distribution network of pipes as a local marketplace.

The industry generally believes that with the support of big data, AI, Internet of Things (IoT), and other technologies, smart heating that integrates more fluctuating renewable energy (such as wind and solar energy) will become the inevitable choice for urban smart management and clean heating. In fact, with the continuous developments and growth in district heating systems, the automatic operation represented by smart heating has begun to replace manual work and the remote control and automatic operation of heat substations have become a reality.

Many service and solution providers believe that smart heating should cover the "heat source, heating networks, heat substations, heat demand, and heat storage", and the existing isolated data system should be planned and integrated as soon as possible to form a complete smart heating data information system. This means that intelligent analysis, scheduling, and optimization can be implemented with reliable data and advanced algorithms. Academia and industry should work together to develop the conventional heating system into a new era of smart heating.

This Special Issue aims to gather significant research contributions focusing on and linking practical applications and scientific research on existing and new methods for smart heating, optimization control, advanced heat metering, and energy conservation in district heating systems. We also welcome all types of articles reporting original, pioneering research with experimental, theoretical, and numerical findings revealing pertinent aspects of smart heating.

Prof. Dr. Chengying Qi
Dr. Jinda Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • district heating system
  • heat metering
  • smart heating
  • heat regulation and management
  • optimal control of building energy systems
  • building energy saving
  • thermo-active building systems (TABSs)
  • energy system modeling and simulation
  • energy system planning and optimization
  • renewable energy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 7271 KiB  
Article
Performance Analysis of Control Valves for Supply–Demand Balance Regulation in Heating Stations
by Pengpeng Zhao, Jiaxiang Yin and Jinda Wang
Buildings 2025, 15(10), 1624; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15101624 - 11 May 2025
Viewed by 90
Abstract
With the high penetration of renewable energy, the imbalance between heat supply and demand is becoming increasingly severe. Installing additional heat storage bypass pipelines in the heating network can significantly enhance the heat storage capacity of the system, and regulating the supply and [...] Read more.
With the high penetration of renewable energy, the imbalance between heat supply and demand is becoming increasingly severe. Installing additional heat storage bypass pipelines in the heating network can significantly enhance the heat storage capacity of the system, and regulating the supply and demand balance of heat stations can achieve a stable heat supply for users. This paper proposes a heat storage bypass configuration scheme and a dual-valve-coordinated control system. Based on the control valves’ ideal and operational flow characteristics, this paper delves into the minimum and maximum control impedance mechanisms in control valves, analyzing their impact on operational performance. Aiming at the fluctuation in the water supply temperature in the secondary pipe network (dead zone of 1%), the influence of control valve parameters on the dynamic response was systematically analyzed. The optimal parameter-matching scheme of the bypass control valve and the heat exchange control valve was finally determined through an optimization analysis. We verified its correctness based on the measured engineering data. This study improves the stability and operational efficiency of the supply and demand balance and decoupling control of the heating heat exchange unit, thereby establishing a critical technical foundation for advancing the high-efficiency integration of renewable energy sources within urban energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization Control and Energy Conservation in Smart Heating Systems)
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28 pages, 5268 KiB  
Article
Bi-Level Design Optimization for Demand-Side Interval Temperature Control in District Heating Systems
by Ruixin Wang, Pengcheng Li, Zhitao Han, Zhigang Zhou, Junliang Cao and Xuemei Wang
Buildings 2025, 15(3), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030365 - 24 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 556
Abstract
With China’s socio-economic growth, the demand for enhanced residential comfort in northern urban areas has surged. Traditional district heating systems often fail to meet modern users’ diverse needs, leading to inefficiencies and significant heat loss. This paper investigates optimization and transformation methods for [...] Read more.
With China’s socio-economic growth, the demand for enhanced residential comfort in northern urban areas has surged. Traditional district heating systems often fail to meet modern users’ diverse needs, leading to inefficiencies and significant heat loss. This paper investigates optimization and transformation methods for demand-side-oriented heating systems. We propose key design parameters that facilitate a shift from source-end to demand-end dominance and develop a bi-level planning model for operational scheduling. The model integrates building thermal storage and adjustable user temperature ranges to optimize multi-thermal source systems. Key contributions include identifying critical renovation parameters and establishing the relationship between temperature control range and system capacity. Results demonstrate that the optimized system provides interval temperature control for 96.02% of the heating season and increases the full-load duration ratio of heat source equipment by 29.54% compared to traditional systems. These improvements enhance operational efficiency, reduce heat loss, and better align heating provision with users’ dynamic thermal demands. This research offers a robust theoretical foundation and practical guidelines for transitioning to demand-end dominated district heating systems, contributing to more sustainable and responsive heating solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization Control and Energy Conservation in Smart Heating Systems)
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