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13 pages, 989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acute Effects of Butyrate on Induced Hyperpermeability and Tight Junction Protein Expression in Human Colonic Tissues

by Mathias W. Tabat, Tatiana M. Marques, Malin Markgren, Liza Löfvendahl, Robert J. Brummer and Rebecca Wall

Biomolecules 2020, 10(5), 766; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050766 - 14 May 2020

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3820

Abstract

Intact intestinal barrier function is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. A dysfunctional intestinal barrier can lead to local and systemic inflammation through translocation of luminal antigens and has been associated with a range of health disorders. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid derived from [...] Read more.

Intact intestinal barrier function is essential for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. A dysfunctional intestinal barrier can lead to local and systemic inflammation through translocation of luminal antigens and has been associated with a range of health disorders. Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid derived from microbial fermentation of dietary fibers in the colon, has been described as an intestinal barrier-strengthening agent, although mainly by using in vitro and animal models. This study aimed to investigate butyrate’s ability to prevent intestinal hyperpermeability, induced by the mast cell degranulator Compound 48/80 (C48/80), in human colonic tissues. Colonic biopsies were collected from 16 healthy subjects and intestinal permeability was assessed by Ussing chamber experiments. Furthermore, the expression levels of tight junction-related proteins were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Pre-treatment with 5 mM butyrate or 25 mM butyrate did not protect the colonic tissue against induced paracellular or transcellular hyperpermeability, measured by FITC-dextran and horseradish peroxidase passage, respectively. Biopsies treated with 25 mM butyrate prior to stimulation with C48/80 showed a reduced expression of claudin 1. In conclusion, this translational ex vivo study did not demonstrate an acute protective effect of butyrate against a chemical insult to the intestinal barrier in healthy humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Gut Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases)

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13 pages, 1855 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Hydrogen Sulfide Effects on the Survival of Lactobacilli with Emphasis on the Development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

by Ivan Kushkevych, Věra Kotrsová, Dani Dordević, Leona Buňková, Monika Vítězová and Amedeo Amedei

Biomolecules 2019, 9(12), 752; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9120752 - 20 Nov 2019

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6606

Abstract

The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet, host genome, and lifestyle. The background: The study purpose is to find relations between nutrition, intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various environments (human, animal intestine, and yogurt) and sulfate-reducing [...] Read more.

The gut microbiota is a complex component of humans that depends on diet, host genome, and lifestyle. The background: The study purpose is to find relations between nutrition, intestinal lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from various environments (human, animal intestine, and yogurt) and sulfate-reducing microbial communities in the large intestine; to compare kinetic growth parameters of LAB; and to determine their sensitivity to different concentration of hydrogen sulfide produced by intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. Methods: Microbiological (isolation and identification), biochemical (electrophoresis), molecular biology methods (DNA isolation and PCR analysis), and statistical processing (average and standard error calculations) of the results were used. The results: The toxicity of hydrogen sulfide produced by sulfate-reducing bacteria, the survival of lactic acid bacteria, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined. The measured hydrogen sulfide sensitivity values were the same for L. paracasei and L. reuteri (MIC > 1.1 mM). In addition, L. plantarum and L. fermentum showed also a similar sensitivity (MIC > 0.45 mM) but significantly (p < 0.05) lower than L. reuteri and L. paracasei (1.1 > 0.45 mM). L. paracasei and L. reuteri are more sensitive to hydrogen sulfide than L. fermentum and L. plantarum. L. pentosus was sensitive to the extremely low concentration of H₂S (MIC > 0.15 mM). Conclusions: The Lactobacillus species were significantly sensitive to hydrogen sulfide, which is a final metabolite of intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria. The results are definitely helpful for a better understanding of complicated interaction among intestinal microbiota and nutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Gut Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases)

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18 pages, 3694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allogenic Faecal Microbiota Transfer Induces Immune-Related Gene Sets in the Colon Mucosa of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome

by Savanne Holster, Guido J. Hooiveld, Dirk Repsilber, Willem M. de Vos, Robert J. Brummer and Julia König

Biomolecules 2019, 9(10), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9100586 - 08 Oct 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3738

Abstract

Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) consists of the introduction of new microbial communities into the intestine of a patient, with the aim of restoring a disturbed gut microbiota. Even though it is used as a potential treatment for various diseases, it is unknown how [...] Read more.

Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) consists of the introduction of new microbial communities into the intestine of a patient, with the aim of restoring a disturbed gut microbiota. Even though it is used as a potential treatment for various diseases, it is unknown how the host mucosa responds to FMT. This study aims to investigate the colonic mucosa gene expression response to allogenic (from a donor) or autologous (own) FMT in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In a recently conducted randomised, double-blinded, controlled clinical study, 17 IBS patients were treated with FMT by colonoscopy. RNA was isolated from colonic biopsies collected by sigmoidoscopy at baseline, as well as two weeks and eight weeks after FMT. In patients treated with allogenic FMT, predominantly immune response-related gene sets were induced, with the strongest response two weeks after the FMT. In patients treated with autologous FMT, predominantly metabolism-related gene sets were affected. Furthermore, several microbiota genera showed correlations with immune-related gene sets, with different correlations found after allogenic compared to autologous FMT. This study shows that the microbe–host response is influenced by FMT on the mucosal gene expression level, and that there are clear differences in response to allogenic compared to autologous FMT. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of the Gut Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammatory Diseases)

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