Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin D and Its Analog, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 782

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
Interests: structure–function analysis and application of cytochromes P450; metabolism and molecular mechanism of vitamin D; production of functional foods; gene therapy; genome editing
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the successful publication of the second edition, we are pleased to announce the third edition of our Special Issue on “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Vitamin D and Its Analog”.

Previous studies have shown that vitamin D exerts vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated genomic and non-genomic actions, as well as VDR-independent effects. Recently, VDR-independent effects of 25(OH)D3 on lipid metabolism by inducing the degradation of SREBP/SCAP have been reported, as have ligand-independent effects of the VDR on the hair cycle. Thus, at least five types of effects of vitamin D and/or the VDR should be considered, namely (1) VDR-dependent effects of 1,25D (VDR-1,25(OH)2D3), (2) VDR-independent effects of 1,25D (non VDR-1,25(OH)2D3), (3) VDR-dependent effects of 25D (VDR-25(OH)D3), (4) VDR-independent effects of 25D (non VDR-25(OH)D3), and (5) ligand-independent effects of VDR (VDR-no ligand).

Several thousand vitamin D analogs have been synthesized, and many have been studied in clinical trials, including for treating type I rickets, osteoporosis, psoriasis, renal osteodystrophy, leukemia, and pancreatic, prostate, and breast cancers. However, in many cases, their precise molecular mechanisms, which may include VDR-dependent and/or -independent pathways, are not fully understood.

In this Special Issue, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D, its analogs and/or VDR actions leading to drug discovery, and nutritional supplements for disease prevention in the future.

Prof. Dr. Toshiyuki Sakaki
Prof. Dr. Naoko Tsugawa
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • vitamin D
  • vitamin D receptor
  • vitamin D analog
  • genomic action
  • non-genomic action
  • bone formation
  • immune response
  • cancer
  • rickets
  • osteoporosis
  • psoriasis
  • drug discovery
  • disease prevention
  • nutrition improvement metabolism of vitamin D or its analogs cytochrome P450

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 3170 KB  
Article
Metabolic Interactions of Side-chain Extended and Unsaturated Vitamin D Analogs with Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Integrating Theoretical and Experimental Approaches
by Teresa Żołek, Mayur Kadam, Sharmin Nadkarni, Kaori Yasuda, Michał Chodyński, Krzysztof Krajewski, Olga Michalak, Joanna Tobiasz, Marek Kubiszewski, Toshiyuki Sakaki and Andrzej Kutner
Biomolecules 2025, 15(9), 1222; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15091222 - 25 Aug 2025
Viewed by 533
Abstract
The clinical use of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D3), the active form of vitamin D3, is limited by its calcemic side effects and rapid metabolic degradation. To overcome these limitations, we designed novel vitamin D analogs with extended, rigidified, and branched side chains. Among [...] Read more.
The clinical use of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25D3), the active form of vitamin D3, is limited by its calcemic side effects and rapid metabolic degradation. To overcome these limitations, we designed novel vitamin D analogs with extended, rigidified, and branched side chains. Among them, PRI-1938, featuring a 5,6-trans triene system and 22,24-all-trans side-chain geometry, demonstrated markedly enhanced resistance to enzymatic catabolism. In vitro assays revealed that metabolic conversion of PRI-1938 by the nonselective cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme was ca. 4-fold lower than that of the previously obtained PRI-1906 and over 9-fold lower than 1,25D3. All new analogs, including PRI-1927 and PRI-1937, exhibited significantly higher stability toward mitochondrial cytochrome P450 24A1 (CYP24A1), the vitamin D-selective catabolic enzyme, than that of 1,25D3. Molecular modeling and quantum mechanical calculations indicated that PRI-1938 adopts a highly stable conformation in the CYP24A1 active site, stabilized by four hydrogen bonds and multiple hydrophobic interactions. The spatially optimized interaction network reduces access to the catalytic heme, resulting in the lowest observed metabolic conversion. These findings highlight the critical role of the side-chain geometry in modulating metabolic stability and support the further development of PRI-1938 as a promising anticancer vitamin D analog. Full article
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