Wound Repair and Regeneration: From Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms to New Approaches

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 1817

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
DISIT–Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
Interests: wound healing; cell signaling; honeybee products; natural products; honey; confocal microscopy; Ca2+ signaling; oxidative stress
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue of Biomolecules, entitled “Wound Repair and Regeneration: From Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms to New Approaches.”

Wound healing is a complex, multistep biological process crucial for the restoration of the skin barrier and maintenance of tissue integrity following injury. This highly orchestrated cascade has some overlapping phases, namely hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, each controlled by interactions between many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, through complex networks of various signaling molecules.

This process often proceeds toward suboptimal outcomes, either to chronic, non-healing wounds—a huge burden on health care systems—or to excessive fibrosis and scarring. A more complete elucidation of the detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms that either allow or prohibit the transition from normal repair to pathologic states—or dictate successful tissue regeneration, as observed in lower vertebrates—remains an important challenge. It is of the highest priority, since the ultimate goal is not only to establish effective treatments for chronic wounds but also to continue in the development of strategies in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.

This Special Issue aims to collect a suite of state-of-the-art original research articles and comprehensive reviews that shed light on the sophisticated processes underlying wound repair and tissue regeneration.

It aims to provide a focused platform for disseminating high-quality work that bridges the gap from basic science discoveries—such as novel cellular pathways and biomechanical cues—to their translational applications, including smart biomaterials and cell-based therapies.

This Special Issue falls particularly within the mission of Biomolecules, which is to publish high-impact research and present a timely synthesis of progress in this fast-moving area. We expect a collection of articles that will be a valued resource for researchers, clinicians, and industry professionals. Original research articles and reviews will be welcome in this Special Issue. Submissions focused on basic biology, pathophysiology, and novel therapeutic approaches of wound healing are invited.

We look forward to hearing from you.

Dr. Elia Ranzato
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • wound repair
  • tissue regeneration
  • molecular mechanisms
  • cellular mechanisms
  • chronic wounds
  • fibrosis/scarring
  • biomaterials
  • stem cells
  • translational therapies

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 5047 KB  
Article
AjTEAD1 Targets AjCyclin E to Promote Cell Proliferation During Intestinal Regeneration in Apostichopus japonicus
by Chuili Zeng, Xu Zhan, Ke Xiao and Chenghua Li
Biomolecules 2026, 16(5), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16050642 - 25 Apr 2026
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Abstract
TEA domain transcription factors are critical regulators of tissue development and regeneration in mammals, yet their roles in aquatic invertebrate regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, a full-length cDNA encoding a putative transcriptional enhanced associate domain protein 1 (TEAD1) ortholog in Apostichopus japonicus ( [...] Read more.
TEA domain transcription factors are critical regulators of tissue development and regeneration in mammals, yet their roles in aquatic invertebrate regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, a full-length cDNA encoding a putative transcriptional enhanced associate domain protein 1 (TEAD1) ortholog in Apostichopus japonicus (AjTEAD1) was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame (ORF) of AjTEAD1 is 1344 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 447 amino acids with a conserved TEA domain (Asp40–Leu111) and a protein-binding domain (Gly231–Asp446). Function analysis demonstrates that AjTEAD1 is essential for intestinal regeneration. AjTEAD1 expression was significantly upregulated during the regeneration process. Functional impairment of AjTEAD1 suppressed intestinal regeneration and attenuated cell proliferation. At the molecular level, we identified the cell cycle gene in A. japonicus (AjCyclin E), whose expression pattern coincided with that of AjTEAD1 and was downregulated following AjTEAD1 knockdown. Dual-luciferase reporter assays further confirmed that AjTEAD1 binds to specific sites in the AjCyclin E promoter and transcriptionally activates its expression. In summary, our study reveals that AjTEAD1 promotes cell proliferation and drives intestinal regeneration in A. japonicus by directly upregulating AjCyclin E transcription. These findings identify the TEAD–Cyclin E axis as a key regulator of echinoderm regeneration, shedding new light on the regenerative processes and cytological mechanisms in economically important species. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 918 KB  
Review
The Role of Neutrophil, Monocyte and Macrophage Calprotectin and S100A12 in the Fibrotic Process
by Nora Elemi Regino-Zamarripa, Ana Sofía Burciaga, Moisés Bocanegra-Mondragón, Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas, Ángel Camarena, Luis Jiménez-Alvarez, Remedios Ramírez, Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez and Joaquín Zúñiga
Biomolecules 2026, 16(4), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16040553 - 9 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Fibrosis is a progressive and irreversible mechanism affecting any organ. During tissue injury, fibroblast activation is necessary for wound healing but the uncontrolled accumulation of fibrotic tissue leads to local organ damage. The fibrotic process involves the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components [...] Read more.
Fibrosis is a progressive and irreversible mechanism affecting any organ. During tissue injury, fibroblast activation is necessary for wound healing but the uncontrolled accumulation of fibrotic tissue leads to local organ damage. The fibrotic process involves the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components and inflammatory mediators. Since sustained inflammation precedes fibrosis, the involvement of immune cells, like neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages, is crucial to elucidate its pathogenesis. These immune cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and also proteins that act as fibroblast proliferation mediators, such as the S100/calgranulins subgroup, comprising S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 proteins. Moreover, a homodimer of S100A8 binds to a homodimer of S100A9 forming the heterodimer S100A8/A9, called calprotectin, which is abundant in the cytosol of neutrophils during immune activation. Although calprotectin (S100A8/A9) is the most predominant form, calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9 have independent functions of calprotectin (S100A8/9) complex formation. These calcium-binding proteins have proinflammatory functions and are potential inflammation biomarkers. More evidence in different fibrosis disorders highlights their role as relevant fibroblast proliferation mediators and prognosis markers. Hence, this review focuses on the current understanding of the role of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 calgranulins and calprotectin (S100A8/A9) in the fibrotic process of different disorders, and their potential application as disease severity and prognosis biomarkers. Full article
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24 pages, 3026 KB  
Review
The Double-Edged Sword of Type 17 Immunity in Wound Healing and Skin Barrier Repair: Microenvironment-Driven Functional Plasticity
by Yao Lu, Fuxin Xu, Fazhi Qi and Yuyan Pan
Biomolecules 2026, 16(3), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16030414 - 11 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Type 17 immune responses are primarily mediated by Th17 cells and their effector cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), exerting a dual influence on wound healing. IL-17 plays a protective role during the initial stages of acute injury by facilitating rapid neutrophil recruitment, inducing antimicrobial peptide [...] Read more.
Type 17 immune responses are primarily mediated by Th17 cells and their effector cytokine interleukin-17 (IL-17), exerting a dual influence on wound healing. IL-17 plays a protective role during the initial stages of acute injury by facilitating rapid neutrophil recruitment, inducing antimicrobial peptide production and reinforcing pro-inflammatory signaling. However, sustained high signal of IL-17 results in a persistent inflammatory response that impairs keratinocyte proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration. This review elucidates the IL-17 signal effects and Th17 subset plasticity, which determines wound healing and skin barrier repair through their interactions with microbiota–immune, neuro–immune and metabolic reprogramming systems. Finally, we propose that the new therapeutic methods focus on IL-17 targets through precise spatiotemporal modulation and microenvironmental remodeling to create effective treatments for chronic non-healing wounds. Full article
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