Molecular Biomarkers of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Mechanisms, Detection, and Clinical Significance

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 841

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: medical biochemistry; oxidative and nitrosative stress in human pathology; redox biology; graphene derivatives; nanomedicine; drug design for cancer therapy; computational chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
Interests: medical biochemistry; oxidative and nitrosative stress; free radical chemistry; redox biology; natural and synthetic antioxidants
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative and nitrosative stress in the biological system are defined as excessive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) or impaired cellular antioxidant protection mechanisms contributing to aging, chronic inflammatory processes, and a broad range of pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. The quantification and interpretation of selective molecular biomarkers provide a powerful scientific toolbox improving diagnostic accuracy, disease monitoring, prognosis, and evaluation of new therapeutic strategies. As our analytical capabilities continue to evolve, so does the potential for more precise detection of redox-driven biochemical alterations.

This Special Issue, “Molecular Biomarkers of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Mechanisms, Detection, and Clinical Significance” aims to collect high-quality research dedicated to the identification, validation, and mechanistic interpretation of biomarkers associated with redox disturbances in the biological system. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Novel analytical methodology for detecting oxidation and nitration products of biomolecules;
  • Mechanistic studies on oxidative and nitrosative stress affecting cellular signaling pathways;
  • Biomarker applicability in cellular biochemistry, in vivo studies or clinical models;
  • Translational studies focusing on diagnostic and prognostic significance of oxidative and nitrosative stress biomarkers in human pathology.                              

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Narcyz Knap
Prof. Dr. Michał Woźniak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • nitrosative stress
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • reactive nitrogen species (RNS)
  • lipid peroxidation
  • ferroptosis
  • protein oxidation
  • DNA oxidative modifications
  • antioxidant defense mechanisms
  • free radicals
  • redox signaling
  • redox biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1254 KB  
Article
Oxidative–Nitrosative Stress and Routine Biochemical Parameters in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Associations with Clinical Status and Disease Duration—A Pilot Study
by Pavlína Malá, Nela Váňová, Ondřej Malý and Oldřich Vyšata
Biomolecules 2026, 16(5), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16050721 - 13 May 2026
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Abstract
Background: This pilot study examined whether oxidative–nitrosative stress is associated with clinical status in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We analyzed associations between plasma markers of oxidative–nitrosative imbalance and ALSFRS–R, disease duration, survival, and routine biochemical parameters. Methods: Twenty-nine ALS patients fulfilling the Gold [...] Read more.
Background: This pilot study examined whether oxidative–nitrosative stress is associated with clinical status in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We analyzed associations between plasma markers of oxidative–nitrosative imbalance and ALSFRS–R, disease duration, survival, and routine biochemical parameters. Methods: Twenty-nine ALS patients fulfilling the Gold Coast diagnostic criteria were enrolled. Plasma levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3–NT), 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8–oxodG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), non-protein thiols (NP–SH), and non-protein disulfides (NP–SS–NP), as well as creatinine, urea, uric acid and BMI, were measured. Associations with ALSFRS–R and disease duration were evaluated using non-parametric correlation analyses and second-order polynomial regression (adjusted R2), while survival was explored using Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Given the modest sample, we considered statistical power and applied Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction within marker families. Results: At the uncorrected significance level, 3–NT showed a positive correlation with ALSFRS–R and a negative correlation with disease duration, and NP–SH correlated negatively with disease duration; however, these associations did not remain significant after FDR correction (FDR-adjusted p ≥ 0.099). Other oxidative–nitrosative markers and biochemical parameters showed no robust relationships with clinical measures. In Cox models, 3–NT was not significantly associated with survival (HR 3.44 per 1 nM, 95% CI 0.25–47.97, p = 0.358), whereas older age predicted higher mortality (HR 1.05 per year, 95% CI 1.00–1.10, p = 0.036). Conclusions: 3–NT and NP–SH exhibited the strongest trends among the investigated markers, but their clinical associations in this small cross-sectional cohort remain exploratory and require confirmation in larger longitudinal studies. Full article
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