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Biomedicines
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Risk Factors and Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications
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Risk Factors and Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Metabolism Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 946

Editor

Dr. Xiao Liu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Interests: ubiquitin; risk factor; atrial fibrillation; metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,  

This Special Issue aims to focus on research on the intricate interplay between diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We welcome original research articles and comprehensive reviews that explore a wide spectrum of topics, from established and emerging risk factors to the complex molecular mechanisms underpinning the development and progression of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Particular emphasis will be placed on studies investigating novel biomarkers (such as the triglyceride–glucose index), the role of insulin resistance, and genetic and epigenetic predispositions to CVD in the context of diabetes. Furthermore, contributions elucidating the molecular pathways, such as non-coding RNAs and cell death mechanisms like PANoptosis, that link diabetes to atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, and other cardiovascular pathologies are highly encouraged. The goal is to foster a deeper understanding and highlight potential new avenues for risk stratification, prevention, and therapeutic intervention at the intersection of these two prevalent and debilitating conditions.

Dr. Xiao Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • atherosclerosis
  • ischemic heart disease
  • insulin resistance
  • risk factors
  • molecular mechanisms
 

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1074 KB  
Article
Association Between Neutrophil-to-High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Ratio and Coronary Artery Calcium: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Yanmiao Liu, Yanqiu Yu, Xinyue Fan, Yangwei Cai and Wenjie Tian
Biomedicines 2026, 14(7), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14071503 - 2 Jul 2026
Abstract
Background: Inflammation and lipid metabolism play critical roles in coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHR) and CAC score. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2193 eligible participants from Sichuan Provincial People’s [...] Read more.
Background: Inflammation and lipid metabolism play critical roles in coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (NHR) and CAC score. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 2193 eligible participants from Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital between November 2015 and July 2025. The correlation between NHR and CAC score was evaluated using multivariable logistic and multinomial logistic regression models. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings. Results: Among 2193 eligible participants, 64.89% had detectable CAC. Higher NHR levels were significantly associated with increased CAC prevalence. After adjustment for multiple confounders, each 1-unit increase in NHR was associated with 9.0% higher odds of CAC (odds ratio (OR): 1.09, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.16], p = 0.002). Compared with the lowest NHR quartile, the highest quartile was associated with modestly higher odds of CAC (OR: 1.43 [95% CI 1.05–1.95], p = 0.022). In multinomial analyses, NHR was modestly but significantly associated with CAC across mild, moderate, and severe calcification stages. The RCS analysis showed a linear relationship between NHR and CAC. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusions: Elevated NHR was associated with an increased likelihood of CAC. As a simple and readily available marker, NHR may reflect inflammatory and lipid metabolic status related to subclinical atherosclerosis, although its clinical utility requires further confirmation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors and Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications)
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14 pages, 533 KB  
Article
Associations Between Neuropathy, Nephropathy and Hearing Loss in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
by Joutiar Razay, Jesper Hvass Schmidt, Mette K. Andersen, Jens S. Nielsen, Michael Hecht Olsen and Thomas Bastholm Olesen
Biomedicines 2026, 14(5), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14051153 - 20 May 2026
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Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between symptomatic hearing loss (HL), neuropathy, and nephropathy in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, the study evaluated whether HL was associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, assessed based on [...] Read more.
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between symptomatic hearing loss (HL), neuropathy, and nephropathy in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, the study evaluated whether HL was associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, assessed based on plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and explored potential sex-specific differences. Materials and Methods: We included 4245 subjects with T2DM from The Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort. Symptomatic HL was defined using ICD-10 codes. In 2016, a questionnaire was sent out to evaluate neuropathy using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI ≥ 4). Nephropathy was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) >30 mg/g. Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and hsCRP were measured at enrolment from 2010 to 2016. Multivariable logistic regression was used, adjusting for covariates. Results: Neuropathy was significantly associated with HL (OR = 1.83, 95%CI [1.42, 2.35], p < 0.001), and the association was stronger in women (OR = 2.74 [1.81, 4.14], p < 0.001) compared to men (OR = 1.44 [1.04, 1.99], p < 0.05) (P-interaction = 0.020). No significant association was found between nephropathy and HL. Among inflammatory markers, only the highest tertile of TNF-α levels was significantly associated with HL compared to the lowest tertile (OR = 1.40 [1.07, 1.82], p < 0.05) without any sex interaction. Conclusions: In subjects with T2DM, neuropathy was associated with symptomatic HL, and the association seemed to be stronger in females. Among chronic low-grade inflammation markers, only TNF-α was significantly associated with symptomatic HL. Additionally, no significant association was found between nephropathy and HL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors and Molecular Mechanisms in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications)
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