Pathophysiological Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2027 | Viewed by 514

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Pharmacology, UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: neuroinflammation; neurodegeneration; natural compounds; pharmacological modulators of CNS
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Guest Editor
Research Operative Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute, IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
Interests: neuroprotective agents; phytochemicals and brain inflammation; oxidative stress regulators

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroinflammation has emerged as a central player in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, contributing to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and impaired brain homeostasis. Growing evidence highlights the pathological interplay between glial activation, cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, and blood–brain barrier alterations in driving chronic neuroinflammatory responses. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial not only for clarifying disease etiology but also for identifying innovative therapeutic strategies.

We invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, which will provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the pathophysiological role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.

This Special Issue will gather advances in mechanistic insights and molecular pathways targeting neuroinflammatory processes in disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and other CNS conditions. The topic is fully aligned with the journal's scope, as it focuses on the molecular and cellular basis of neurological pathologies, along with the development of pharmacological and natural modulators of CNS inflammation.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, full reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses are welcome. Research areas may include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders;
  • Crosstalk between microglia, astrocytes, and neurons;
  • Cytokine networks and inflammatory mediators;
  • Blood–brain barrier dysfunction and neurovascular alterations;
  • Oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment;
  • Natural compounds and phytochemicals targeting neuroinflammatory pathways;
  • Pharmacological modulators of CNS inflammation;
  • Immunometabolism and neuroimmune signaling;
  • Biomarkers of neuroinflammation.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Alessio Ardizzone
Dr. Deborah Mannino
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neuroinflammatory pathways
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • microglia activation
  • cytokines and chemokines
  • neuroimmune biomarkers

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2557 KB  
Article
Triptolide Reduces Cholesterol Synthesis and Alleviates Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting CD33 in Alzheimer’s Disease Development and Progression
by Yi Yang, Yue Ma, Pu Wang and Pei-Pei Guan
Biology 2026, 15(11), 818; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15110818 - 22 May 2026
Viewed by 220
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which has recently been found to be closely associated with neuroinflammation. As an anti-inflammatory drug, triptolide (TP), a natural diterpenoid from Tripterygium wilfordii, was selected in the current study for treating PS19 (tauP301S [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which has recently been found to be closely associated with neuroinflammation. As an anti-inflammatory drug, triptolide (TP), a natural diterpenoid from Tripterygium wilfordii, was selected in the current study for treating PS19 (tauP301S transgenic) mice, tauopathy AD mice. In addition, we have previously found that TP had the ability to reduce the level of cholesterol. However, the roles and mechanisms of TP in the above processes are not clear. To this end, we found that elevated cholesterol in serum and brain tissues upregulated the expression of apolipoprotein E (APOE) and sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 3 (CD33), leading to the activation of SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1). The activation of SHP-1 inhibits the signaling pathways of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), which results in inhibition of the M2 polarization of microglia, which exacerbates neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed mice. Conversely, TP treatment significantly inhibited the hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2)/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) pathway, which reduced the cholesterol levels in the serum and brain. By depressing the levels of cholesterol, the axis of CD33 and SHP-1 was suppressed, which resulted in restoration of the activity of JAK1 and STAT6 pathways, leading to the transition of microglia from the M1 to the M2 phenotype. Of note, these observations demonstrate that TP alleviates the cognitive impairment of PS19 mice via depressing neuroinflammation. Altogether, our results revealed the mechanisms of TP in treating AD via CD33/SHP-1/JAK1/STAT6 pathways in a cholesterol-dependent manner. Full article
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