Physiology and Ecology of Animal Parasites and Related Diseases

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Zoology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 1135

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Entomología Experimental—Grupo de Investigación en Ecofisiología de Parasitoides y Otros Insectos (GIEP), Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
Interests: insect ecology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Parasitism represents one of the most successful lifestyles displayed by living organisms, as evidenced by the considerable number of parasitic species known. Estimations suggests that parasites represent over 50% of all living species and constitute a significant proportion of global biodiversity. They play an important role in the evolution of life on Earth on the individual, population, and ecosystem levels. They can affect the immunity of hosts and the dynamics of their populations, alter the composition of communities, and modify trophic interactions. Additionally, parasites, through the spread of diseases, can impact the physiology and ecology of their hosts, subsequently affecting their performance. Parasites can affect individual biological processes and attributes, including activity, reproduction, dispersal, and behaviour. The diseases transmitted can have complex effects, both direct and indirect, with long-term persistent implications. Current global change is affecting the biology of parasites, and the ecological consequences of these processes on their physiology are of great interest. This Special Issue will present an overview of current research on animal parasites, incorporating insights within evolutionary, medical, veterinary, physiological, and ecological frameworks. This article compilation will focus on the factors, parameters, and processes involved in the ecophysiology of parasites and related diseases, ranging from microorganisms to a diverse range of animals, including helminths, mites, and insects. Furthermore, we encourage the incorporation of research into the impacts of global warming on the eco-epidemiological parameters of parasites, given the profound implications for certain host taxa. It is also crucial to investigate the underlying causes of parasite transmission in the context of climate-driven changes in a changing environment, in order to understanding the evolution of diseases caused by parasites in a multitude of animal taxa. Possible primary research areas for contributions include the following:

  • Global change and parasite transmission;
  • Host physiology and climate-driven changes in diseases;
  • Animal behaviour and parasite ecology;
  • Host–parasite ecophysiology;
  • Thermal effects on parasite physiology and infection success;
  • Parasite-induced alterations to host behaviour;
  • Host–parasitoid interactions in a changing environment;
  • Parasitic and infectious disease responses in a changing environment;
  • Ecophysiology of parasites, disease levels, and implications for host conservation;
  • Records of host–parasite relationships in new regions of the world.

Prof. Dr. Marcela K. Castelo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • parasites
  • parasitoids
  • physiology
  • ecology
  • ecophysiology
  • diseases
  • global change

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 1379 KB  
Article
Influence of Hypoxia, Dehydration and Salinity on Survival of Orthohalarachne Marine Mite Larvae: Limits to Dispersion
by Lucía Pérez Zippilli, José Emilio Crespo, Juan Pablo Loureiro, Dolores Erviti and Marcela Karina Castelo
Biology 2026, 15(5), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15050444 - 9 Mar 2026
Viewed by 443
Abstract
Orthohalarachne attenuata and O. diminuata mites are parasites of the respiratory system of Pinnipeds. During hosts’ dives, mites must cope with changing conditions of oxygen availability in the nasal cavity. Adults and nymphs live inside the host, but larvae are active and responsible [...] Read more.
Orthohalarachne attenuata and O. diminuata mites are parasites of the respiratory system of Pinnipeds. During hosts’ dives, mites must cope with changing conditions of oxygen availability in the nasal cavity. Adults and nymphs live inside the host, but larvae are active and responsible for colonizing new hosts. Hence, larvae are also exposed to environmental conditions with variable temperature and pressure, as well as to dehydration and changes in salinity. Although both species live within the respiratory tract of hosts, adults attach to different sections. Also, larvae have differential thermal tolerances and locomotion capacities. In this study, we show the effect of hypoxia, humidity and salinity on survival of O. attenuata and O. diminuata mite larvae. We found that both species are highly tolerant to hypoxia and can withstand it for long periods. In turn, both species showed low survival when exposed to direct air. Finally, hyperosmotic solution was highly harmful for O. attenuata, but not for O. diminuata. Our results show that humidity rather than oxygen availability is a constraint for survival and a limitation for dispersal when searching for new hosts. The present study expands our knowledge of ecophysiology and adaptations to changing conditions experienced during the dispersal of these marine parasite species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology and Ecology of Animal Parasites and Related Diseases)
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